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and the uncertainty range with every result."},{"id":"association","text":"These are comparisons, not proof of cause and effect: other events in the same places and years can explain a difference."},{"id":"many-comparisons","text":"Many pairings and years are compared at once: by chance alone, about one clear difference in twenty can appear where there is none."},{"id":"matched-counties","text":"Each place is compared with similar counties in the same Census division that saw no comparable jump in money; similar is not identical."},{"id":"pairing","text":"Permits follow local zoning, interest rates and builders' plans far more than any single project."}],"sources":[{"id":"bea-regional","name":"Regional Economic Accounts","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis","attribution":"U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Personal Income by County (CAINC1) and Regional Price Parities; counties mapped to metro areas with OMB Bulletin 23-01 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applications)","homepage":"https://www.census.gov/econ/bfs/","vintage":"2026-10-01","loadedAt":"2026-10-01T15:51:40.026Z"},{"id":"census-bps","name":"Building Permits Survey","publisher":"U.S. Census Bureau","attribution":"U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey (county files)","homepage":"https://www.census.gov/construction/bps/","vintage":"2026-08","loadedAt":"2026-09-30T22:14:14.060Z"},{"id":"census-geo","name":"Cartographic Boundary Files, Gazetteer and metro delineations","publisher":"U.S. Census Bureau","attribution":"U.S. Census Bureau, Cartographic Boundary Files and Gazetteer Files; OMB metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area delineations; American Community Survey 5-year population (city and county shares)","homepage":"https://www.census.gov/geographies/mapping-files/time-series/geo/cartographic-boundary.html","vintage":"2025","loadedAt":"2026-10-01T07:50:40.343Z"},{"id":"census-pep","name":"Population Estimates Program","publisher":"U.S. Census Bureau","attribution":"U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program","homepage":"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest.html","vintage":"2025","loadedAt":"2026-09-30T22:05:38.461Z"},{"id":"census-sahie","name":"Small Area Health Insurance Estimates","publisher":"U.S. Census Bureau","attribution":"U.S. Census Bureau, Small Area Health Insurance Estimates (SAHIE)","homepage":"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/sahie.html","vintage":"2024","loadedAt":"2026-09-29T09:23:29.353Z"},{"id":"census-saipe","name":"Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates","publisher":"U.S. Census Bureau","attribution":"U.S. Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE)","homepage":"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/saipe.html","vintage":"2024","loadedAt":"2026-09-29T09:23:19.832Z"},{"id":"usaspending-assistance","name":"Federal financial assistance transactions (Financial Assistance Broker Submission)","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Treasury, USAspending.gov","attribution":"USAspending.gov, prime award financial assistance transactions (FABS)","homepage":"https://www.usaspending.gov/download_center/award_data_archive","vintage":"2026-10-08","loadedAt":"2026-10-08T06:32:13.987Z"},{"id":"usaspending-contracts","name":"Federal contract transactions (Federal Procurement Data System)","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Treasury, USAspending.gov","attribution":"USAspending.gov, prime award contract transactions (FPDS)","homepage":"https://www.usaspending.gov/download_center/award_data_archive","vintage":"2026-10-09","loadedAt":"2026-10-09T06:23:41.399Z"},{"id":"zillow","name":"Zillow Home Value Index, Observed Rent Index and affordability","publisher":"Zillow Research","attribution":"Zillow Home Value Index (ZHVI), Zillow Observed Rent Index (ZORI) and Zillow affordability data, Zillow Research, zillow.com/research/data","homepage":"https://www.zillow.com/research/data/","vintage":"2026-08","loadedAt":"2026-09-30T22:06:10.720Z"}]}