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County, MI","distance":0.193739},{"geoid":"26087","name":"Lapeer County, MI","distance":0.321731},{"geoid":"26073","name":"Isabella County, MI","distance":0.390955},{"geoid":"26149","name":"St. Joseph County, MI","distance":0.416459},{"geoid":"26155","name":"Shiawassee County, MI","distance":0.458246}],"path":[{"relativeYear":-3,"year":2020,"shockValue":1.277389,"shockChange":-0.139211,"controlsMeanChange":0.060641,"controlsMinChange":-0.316522,"controlsMaxChange":0.697018,"controls":5,"difference":-0.199852},{"relativeYear":-2,"year":2021,"shockValue":1.672871,"shockChange":0.256271,"controlsMeanChange":-0.010745,"controlsMinChange":-0.659662,"controlsMaxChange":0.563382,"controls":5,"difference":0.267017},{"relativeYear":0,"year":2023,"shockValue":1.376636,"shockChange":-0.039964,"controlsMeanChange":-0.086198,"controlsMinChange":-0.614831,"controlsMaxChange":0.306248,"controls":5,"difference":0.046235},{"relativeYear":1,"year":2024,"shockValue":1.341866,"shockChange":-0.074733,"controlsMeanChange":0.555992,"controlsMinChange":-0.563117,"controlsMaxChange":2.195672,"controls":5,"difference":-0.630725},{"relativeYear":2,"year":2025,"shockValue":1.557358,"shockChange":0.140758,"controlsMeanChange":0.434719,"controlsMinChange":-0.232475,"controlsMaxChange":1.994967,"controls":5,"difference":-0.293961}],"headline":{"relativeYear":1,"year":2024,"shockValue":1.341866,"shockChange":-0.074733,"controlsMeanChange":0.555992,"controlsMinChange":-0.563117,"controlsMaxChange":2.195672,"controls":5,"difference":-0.630725,"outsideControlRange":false}}]}],"caveats":[{"id":"obligations","text":"Money is counted when the government commits it (obligations), not when it is paid out; a multi-year contract can be obligated at once."},{"id":"place-of-performance","text":"Money is placed where the work is performed or the program operates, which is not always where the jobs, workers or beneficiaries are."},{"id":"few-years","text":"Only a few fiscal years of money are loaded (see the coverage), so each comparison follows a place for one or two years after the money at most."},{"id":"small-samples","text":"Some comparisons rest on few places: read the number of places and the uncertainty range with every result."},{"id":"association","text":"These are comparisons, not proof of cause and effect: other events in the same places and years can explain a difference."},{"id":"many-comparisons","text":"Many pairings and years are compared at once: by chance alone, about one clear difference in twenty can appear where there is none."},{"id":"matched-counties","text":"Each place is compared with similar counties in the same Census division that saw no comparable jump in money; similar is not identical."}],"sources":[{"id":"bea-regional","name":"Regional Economic Accounts","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis","attribution":"U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Personal Income by County (CAINC1) and Regional Price Parities; counties mapped to metro areas with OMB Bulletin 23-01 delineations","homepage":"https://www.bea.gov/data/by-place-county-metro-local","vintage":"2024","loadedAt":"2026-09-30T21:50:03.389Z"},{"id":"bls-laus","name":"Local Area Unemployment Statistics","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","attribution":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics","homepage":"https://www.bls.gov/lau/","vintage":"2025","loadedAt":"2026-09-30T21:51:58.235Z"},{"id":"bls-qcew","name":"Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","attribution":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages","homepage":"https://www.bls.gov/cew/","vintage":"2026 Q1","loadedAt":"2026-09-30T21:54:22.947Z"},{"id":"census-bfs","name":"Business Formation Statistics","publisher":"U.S. Census Bureau","attribution":"U.S. Census Bureau, Business Formation Statistics (county business applications)","homepage":"https://www.census.gov/econ/bfs/","vintage":"2026-10-01","loadedAt":"2026-10-01T15:51:40.026Z"},{"id":"census-bps","name":"Building Permits Survey","publisher":"U.S. Census Bureau","attribution":"U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey (county files)","homepage":"https://www.census.gov/construction/bps/","vintage":"2026-08","loadedAt":"2026-09-30T22:14:14.060Z"},{"id":"census-geo","name":"Cartographic Boundary Files, Gazetteer and metro delineations","publisher":"U.S. Census Bureau","attribution":"U.S. Census Bureau, Cartographic Boundary Files and Gazetteer Files; OMB metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area delineations; American Community Survey 5-year population (city and county shares)","homepage":"https://www.census.gov/geographies/mapping-files/time-series/geo/cartographic-boundary.html","vintage":"2025","loadedAt":"2026-10-01T07:50:40.343Z"},{"id":"census-pep","name":"Population Estimates Program","publisher":"U.S. Census Bureau","attribution":"U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program","homepage":"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest.html","vintage":"2025","loadedAt":"2026-09-30T22:05:38.461Z"},{"id":"census-sahie","name":"Small Area Health Insurance Estimates","publisher":"U.S. Census Bureau","attribution":"U.S. Census Bureau, Small Area Health Insurance Estimates (SAHIE)","homepage":"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/sahie.html","vintage":"2024","loadedAt":"2026-09-29T09:23:29.353Z"},{"id":"census-saipe","name":"Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates","publisher":"U.S. Census Bureau","attribution":"U.S. Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE)","homepage":"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/saipe.html","vintage":"2024","loadedAt":"2026-09-29T09:23:19.832Z"},{"id":"usaspending-assistance","name":"Federal financial assistance transactions (Financial Assistance Broker Submission)","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Treasury, USAspending.gov","attribution":"USAspending.gov, prime award financial assistance transactions (FABS)","homepage":"https://www.usaspending.gov/download_center/award_data_archive","vintage":"2026-10-08","loadedAt":"2026-10-08T06:32:13.987Z"},{"id":"usaspending-contracts","name":"Federal contract transactions (Federal Procurement Data System)","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Treasury, USAspending.gov","attribution":"USAspending.gov, prime award contract transactions (FPDS)","homepage":"https://www.usaspending.gov/download_center/award_data_archive","vintage":"2026-10-07","loadedAt":"2026-10-07T06:15:34.448Z"},{"id":"zillow","name":"Zillow Home Value Index, Observed Rent Index and affordability","publisher":"Zillow Research","attribution":"Zillow Home Value Index (ZHVI), Zillow Observed Rent Index (ZORI) and Zillow affordability data, Zillow Research, zillow.com/research/data","homepage":"https://www.zillow.com/research/data/","vintage":"2026-08","loadedAt":"2026-09-30T22:06:10.720Z"}]}