Village · Kent County, Michigan

Caledonia, Michigan

Caledonia is a village in Kent County, Michigan, part of the Grand Rapids-Wyoming-Kentwood, MI metro area. It has 1,671 residents. Caledonia, Michigan has a quality-of-life score of 81 out of 100 (very high), ranking #2,977 of 15,651 US cities and towns. Within Michigan it ranks #45 of 444 cities and towns. It ranks best on unemployment rate (low), voter turnout (high) and mental health providers (high). It ranks worst on depression (high), median Air Quality Index (high) and new homes permitted (low).

81Very high

Quality-of-life score: #2,977 of 15,651 cities and towns
Michigan: #45 of 444 in MI
Population: 1,671 (2020-2024)
Land area: 1 mi²
Density: 1,245.8 /mi²
FIPS code: 2612480

Percentile-based score (100 is the best in the country) from 76 of 80 indicators, with the default “Explorer” weights.

Open in the map

Scores by category

Each category averages its indicators' percentile scores among US cities and towns.

Safety35#10,196/15,637
Economy93#1,051/15,631
Housing42#8,616/14,977
Health82#2,853/15,609
Healthcare90#1,582/15,650
Environment19#12,486/15,453
Education69#4,833/15,649
Infrastructure94#889/15,650
Community97#472/15,651
Leisure & amenities57#6,685/15,651

Strengths · Weaknesses

Indicators where Caledonia, Michigan ranks highest and lowest among US cities and towns (score = percentile, 100 = best). Values marked “Kent County value” are the county’s: the source publishes no figure for this city or town, and the county holding most of its residents stands in.

Strengths

Unemployment rate · low0.5%
95/100Michigan 5.2%United States 4.3%2020-2024U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Census table B23025High uncertainty
Voter turnout · high78.4%
94/100Michigan 74.6%United States 65.2%2024U.S. Election Assistance CommissionKent County value
Mental health providers · high546 /100k
91/100Michigan 371 /100kUnited States 348 /100k2025University of Wisconsin Population Health InstituteKent County value
Natural hazard risk · low6.3
90/100Michigan 10.32025Federal Emergency Management AgencyKent County value
Distance to an airport · low10 mi
89/100Michigan 44 miUnited States 33 mi2025Federal Aviation Administration · Bureau of Transportation Statistics · U.S. Census BureauKent County value
Poverty rate · low3.8%
89/100Michigan 13.4%United States 12.1%2020-2024U.S. Census Bureau Census table B17001

Weaknesses

Depression · high28.6%
10/100Michigan 26.5%United States 20.7%2023Centers for Disease Control and PreventionModel-based estimate
Median Air Quality Index · high52
12/1002025U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyKent County value
New homes permitted · low0.0 /1k
13/100Michigan 2.2 /1kUnited States 4.2 /1kSep 2025–Aug 2026U.S. Census BureauProvisional data
Violent crime rate · high430 /100k
14/100Michigan 416 /100kUnited States 328 /100k2025Federal Bureau of InvestigationKent County value
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) · high8.9 µg/m³
16/100Michigan 8.6 µg/m³United States 8.0 µg/m³2022Centers for Disease Control and Prevention · U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyKent County value
Days with unhealthy air · high2.5%
16/1002025U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyKent County value

Trends

The largest changes over about five years, next to the country's over the same periods.

PopulationRising
1,544 (2015-2019) → 1,671 (2020-2024)
+8.2%5 yearsCensus table B01003US 328,329,953 → 340,003,797
New homes permittedWorsening
27.1 /1k (2021) → 0.0 /1k (Sep 2025–Aug 2026)
−100%5 yearsUS 5.2 /1k → 4.2 /1k
Bachelor's degree or higherImproving
37.4% (2015-2019) → 54.4% (2020-2024)
+17 pts5 yearsCensus table B15003US 32.1% → 35.7%
Rent-burdened householdsImproving
55.5% (2015-2019) → 44.8% (2020-2024)
−11 pts5 yearsCensus table B25070US 49.6% → 51.1%
Broadband subscriptionsImproving
86.8% (2015-2019) → 95.7% (2020-2024)
+8.9 pts5 yearsCensus table B28002US 82.7% → 91.0%
Median household incomeImproving
$77,857 (2015-2019) → $106,250 (2020-2024)
+36%5 yearsCensus table B19013US $65,712 → $81,604

What changed in five years

How each measure moved between two periods about five years apart, read against whether more or less is better, the published margin of error and the same change in other places.

Over about five years, Caledonia, Michigan improved on 3 of 12 measures with a comparison and declined on 0. 9 moved within the margin of error and 0 barely changed.

Earlier (2015-2019)
Latest (2020-2024)
Lower standingHigher standing

Position is the place's standing among cities and towns: further right is better, whichever way the measure counts.

Improved3

Bachelor's++17 points37.4% → 54.4%
Household income+36%$77,857 → $106,250
Broadband+8.9 points86.8% → 95.7%

Declined0

No measure declined by more than its margin of error.

All 12 measures

Change of every measure of Caledonia, Michigan between two periods about five years apart
Measure	Before	After	Change	Reading	Favourable vs peers
Average commute time	22.1 min2015-2019	21.5 min2020-2024	−0.7 min	Within the margin of error	56%
Bachelor's degree or higher	37.4%2015-2019	54.4%2020-2024	+17 points	Improved	98%
Broadband subscriptions	86.8%2015-2019	95.7%2020-2024	+8.9 points	Improved	54%
Effective property tax rate	1.41%2015-2019	1.30%2020-2024	−0.1 points	Within the margin of error	37%
High school diploma or higher	98.8%2015-2019	98.3%2020-2024	−0.5 points	Within the margin of error	27%
Home price to income ratio	2.7×2015-2019	3.2×2020-2024	+0.5×	Within the margin of error	47%
Income inequality (Gini index)	0.3652015-2019	0.3892020-2024	+0.025	Within the margin of error	30%
Median household income	$77,8572015-2019	$106,2502020-2024	+36%	Improved	68%
Public transit commuters	0.0%2015-2019	0.0%2020-2024	0 points	Within the margin of error	60%
Rent as share of income	31.5%2015-2019	28.6%2020-2024	−2.9 points	Within the margin of error	74%
Rent-burdened households	55.5%2015-2019	44.8%2020-2024	−11 points	Within the margin of error	83%
Uninsured residents (under 65)	5.5%2015-2019	2.5%2020-2024	−3 points	Within the margin of error	76%

“Against peers” compares the change with the same change in the 14640 cities and towns that have the same two periods. It describes how common a change is, not why it happened.

Sources: American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. Values are the latest and the one five years earlier of the same publisher dataset; datasets that changed publisher in between are never compared.

Survey estimates (American Community Survey) compare the two most recent 5-year windows that do not share years, so the margin of error of the difference holds. The 2015-2019 window predates the pandemic and 2020-2024 includes it.
A change counts only when it is larger than 1.645 times the square root of the two standard errors squared, summed (a 90% margin). Measures published without a margin must change by at least 5% to count.
“Against peers” compares the change with the same change in the 15651 cities and towns that have the same two periods. It describes how common a change is, not why it happened.
Standing is a percentile among the same places: 0 is the lowest value on the measure (or the worst when lower is better), 100 the best.

Cities and towns like Caledonia, Michigan five years ago that improved

The places whose measures looked most like those of Caledonia, Michigan in the earlier period, ranked by how many measures improved beyond the margin of error, minus how many declined. A comparison of published data, not a forecast and not advice.

For comparison, Caledonia, Michigan itself moved +7.1 points in standing on average over the same 10 measures (standings of all places average about zero).

How the ranking works

Similarity is the root-mean-square difference of standings in the earlier period over the measures most places have. Places are ranked by measures that improved beyond the margin of error minus those that declined (a count that estimation noise in small places cannot inflate), then by the mean change of standing over the measures a place has in both periods. Only places with more improvements than declines and a rise in standing are listed. Standings are relative, so a place can improve in absolute terms and still lose standing.

Who lives here

Age, race and education of residents, from the American Community Survey. Shares are of all residents (age), residents of every origin (race) or adults 25 and over (education).

Age and sex

1,671 residents (±300)

Men
Women

80 and over†
70–79†
60–69†

Income

How household income is spread, not just the middle: each bar is the share of households in that income range.

Household income

651 households (±104)

Caledonia, Michigan
Michigan share

Under $25k8.8%†57
$25k–50k10%†66
$50k–75k

Homes

Who owns and who rents, what homes cost, and what the housing stock looks like.

Owners and renters

651 households (±104)

Caledonia, Michigan
Michigan share

Own74%480
Rent26%171

No change since 2015–2019 is larger than the margin of error.

Table view

Getting to work

How workers travel to their job and how long it takes them.

How people get to work

993 workers (±193)

Caledonia, Michigan
Michigan share

Drive alone78%772
Carpool6.2%†62
Public transit0.0%0

Jobs and pay

What the largest occupations here pay, from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics survey.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes pay by metro area, not by county or city. The metro area page lists its largest occupations and lets you look up any job.

Pay in the Grand Rapids-Wyoming-Kentwood, MI

Local businesses

Employer businesses and sole proprietors by industry, per resident and against the state and the nation. Counts of businesses next to counts of people, not a measure of demand.

The Census Bureau publishes business counts by county, not by city, so these are the figures of Kent County, the county holding most of Caledonia's residents.

Kent County has 17,799 employer establishments, 268 for every 10,000 residents (1.08× the US rate of 248; 1.18× Michigan's), with 384,635 paid employees at an average annual pay of $59,787. The Census Bureau also counts 58,452 nonemployer businesses, mostly sole proprietors.

Establishments: 17,799; 58,452 nonemployers
Per 10,000 residents: 268; US 248 · Michigan 228
Paid employees: 384,635
Average annual pay: $59,787; US $68,342

Employer establishments, employees, average pay and nonemployers of Kent County by industry, with the density per resident against the nation

Ambulatory health care services	1,344	20.2	0.97×About typical	22,617	$75,707	2,728
Restaurants and other eating places	1,181	17.8	0.97×About typical	25,729	$22,006	227
Specialty trade contractors	1,003	15.1	0.98×About typical	13,345	$77,109	3,281
Lessors of real estate	701	10.6	0.86×About typical	3,100	$52,778	6,392
Limited-service restaurants	564	8.5	1.06×About typical	10,796	$18,758	91
Construction of buildings	548	8.3	1.09×About typical	4,720	$80,879	1,587
Religious organizations	538	8.1	1.46×More than typical	5,769	$32,866	—
Offices of other health practitioners	518	7.8	1.28×More than typical	2,505	$43,621	1,459
Services to buildings and dwellings	504	7.6	1.13×About typical	7,297	$35,040	2,621
Full-service restaurants	474	7.1	0.93×About typical	13,034	$25,272	93
Management, scientific and technical consulting	409	6.2	0.92×About typical	2,478	$83,933	2,279
Insurance agencies and brokerages	404	6.1	1.39×More than typical	3,999	$85,598	729

Rank places for an industry Open Kent County

County Business Patterns (2023); Nonemployer Statistics (2024)

Per-resident figures divide by the population estimate of 2023: 663,819 residents here, 336,755,052 in the United States. County Business Patterns counts establishments in 2023; the Nonemployer Statistics count businesses in 2024.
“More than typical” is a density at least 1.25 times the nation's per resident, “fewer” at most 0.8 times, with at least 10 establishments. It compares counts of businesses with counts of people: it says nothing about demand, incomes, size, quality or profit, and visitors and commuters are not residents.
The Census Bureau adds noise to employment and payroll to protect confidentiality, and withholds some figures: an industry with few establishments can show employees or pay as unavailable.
Industries overlap: a narrower industry (full-service restaurants) is part of a broader one (restaurants), so the rows do not add up.
Industries follow the North American Industry Classification System; the two surveys use different editions (NAICS 2017 and 2022), which this page matches industry by industry.

Federal contracts performed here

In FY2026, an estimated $620 of federal contract obligations were for work performed in Caledonia, Michigan: $0.37 per resident (US $1,994).

Obligations: $620; −97% vs FY2025
Per resident: $0.37; US $1,994
Sole-source: 0.7%; US 30%
Single offer: 0.0%; US 8.8%

A signal is a reason to look closer, not evidence of wrongdoing: most sole-source awards are lawful and justified.

Top buying agencies

Defense Logistics Agency$627100%
Federal Acquisition Service$9.821.6%

Top recipients

Spending by fiscal year

4.9KFY2017
4KFY2018
3.6KFY2019
42.3KFY2020
4.4KFY2021
30.1KFY2022
9.1KFY2023
13.4KFY2024

Top industries (NAICS)

Professional and commercial equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers · 4234$60698%
Paper and paper product merchant wholesalers · 4241$9.821.6%
Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing · 3391$4.140.7%

Source: Federal contract transactions (Federal Procurement Data System) (U.S. Department of the Treasury, USAspending.gov), data current to Oct 3, 2026, loaded Oct 3, 2026.

How this is estimated

Agencies report each contract action's place of performance as a county and a ZIP code. A ZIP code's money is split among the cities it covers by the share of its land inside each (Census 2020 ZIP code tabulation areas); the part outside city limits stays with the county.

The place of performance is what the contracting agency reports, often the contractor's office rather than where the work happens.
Shares are of land, not of people or businesses: a ZIP code that is mostly rural land but has its offices in town gives the town less than it should.
ZIP codes that are not mapped areas (post office boxes, the unique ZIP codes of large federal sites and companies) stay with their county, unless one city covers nearly all of it.
Counts of actions and awards include those only partly in Caledonia, Michigan, so they do not add up across cities.

Caledonia, Michigan's figures are part of those of Kent County, MI ($136.1M in FY2026), never added to them: 0.0% of that total.

Grants and other federal assistance are counted by county here, not split among cities: Caledonia is mostly in Kent County.

See federal money in Kent County

Representation in Congress

Members serving today, with their record in the current Congress (party-unity votes cast with their caucus, roll calls missed). Not a grade.

Caledonia, Michigan is split between congressional districts: each representative is shown with the share of its residents in their district (current boundaries).

House

Senate

County

A city can lie in several counties. Some indicators are published for counties only: the page marks them.

Kent County79100% of residents

Metro area

The metro or micro area the city belongs to.

Grand Rapids-Wyoming-Kentwood, MI80

Other cities and towns in Kent County

Largest first.

Similar cities and towns

Closest indicator profiles across the country (no model: score distances).

Data and sources

Latest published value of each indicator; periods differ by source. Values flagged by their publisher are marked.

PLACES: Local Data for Better HealthCenters for Disease Control and Prevention · release 2025
Local Area Unemployment StatisticsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics · release 2025
American Community Survey 5-Year EstimatesU.S. Census Bureau · release 2017-2024
Building Permits SurveyU.S. Census Bureau · release 2026-08
Population Estimates ProgramU.S. Census Bureau · release 2025
Small Area Health Insurance EstimatesU.S. Census Bureau · release 2024
Small Area Income and Poverty EstimatesU.S. Census Bureau · release 2024
County Health Rankings & RoadmapsUniversity of Wisconsin Population Health Institute · release 2022-2025+2026-03-supplement

JSON · /api/v1/places/2612480

Scores by category

Strengths · Weaknesses

Strengths

Weaknesses

Trends