Village · Mahoning County, Ohio

Poland, Ohio

Poland is a village in Mahoning County, Ohio, part of the Youngstown-Warren, OH metro area. It has 2,357 residents. Poland, Ohio has a quality-of-life score of 58 out of 100 (moderate), ranking #6,564 of 15,651 US cities and towns. Within Ohio it ranks #247 of 684 cities and towns. It ranks best on natural hazard risk (low), drought exposure (low) and food insecurity (low). It ranks worst on time spent in the emergency room (high), food environment index (low) and child care cost burden (high).

58Moderate

Quality-of-life score: #6,564 of 15,651 cities and towns
Ohio: #247 of 684 in OH
Population: 2,357 (2020-2024)
Land area: 2 mi²
Density: 1,442.1 /mi²
FIPS code: 3963954

Percentile-based score (100 is the best in the country) from 75 of 80 indicators, with the default “Explorer” weights.

Open in the map

Scores by category

Each category averages its indicators' percentile scores among US cities and towns.

Safety17#12,942/15,637
Economy64#5,620/15,631
Housing80#2,923/14,977
Health42#9,045/15,609
Healthcare65#5,477/15,650
Environment58#6,502/15,453
Education62#5,891/15,649
Infrastructure57#6,711/15,650
Community45#8,667/15,651
Leisure & amenities58#6,599/15,651

Strengths · Weaknesses

Indicators where Poland, Ohio ranks highest and lowest among US cities and towns (score = percentile, 100 = best). Values marked “Mahoning County value” are the county’s: the source publishes no figure for this city or town, and the county holding most of its residents stands in.

Strengths

Natural hazard risk · low1.3
99/100Ohio 14.52025Federal Emergency Management AgencyMahoning County value
Drought exposure · low0%
95/100Ohio 11%United States 43%Oct 2025–Sep 2026National Drought Mitigation Center (University of Nebraska–Lincoln), USDA and NOAAMahoning County value
Food insecurity · low7.7%
93/100Ohio 14.7%United States 15.6%2023Centers for Disease Control and PreventionModel-based estimate
Lack of reliable transportation · low5.1%
93/100Ohio 8.1%United States 8.3%2023Centers for Disease Control and PreventionModel-based estimate
Poverty rate · low3.5%
91/100Ohio 12.6%United States 12.1%2020-2024U.S. Census Bureau Census table B17001
Mental health care shortage · low0.0
91/100Ohio 12.2United States 9.9Oct 2026Health Resources and Services AdministrationMahoning County value

Weaknesses

Time spent in the emergency room · high274 min
0/100Ohio 161 minUnited States 170 minOct 2024–Sep 2025Centers for Medicare & Medicaid ServicesMahoning County value
Food environment index · low6.4
7/100Ohio 7.0United States 7.62019 & 2023University of Wisconsin Population Health InstituteMahoning County value
Child care cost burden · high40.4%
8/100Ohio 31.7%United States 27.9%2023 & 2024University of Wisconsin Population Health InstituteMahoning County value
Injury deaths · high131 /100k
9/100Ohio 104 /100kUnited States 87 /100k2019-2023University of Wisconsin Population Health InstituteMahoning County value
Drug overdose deaths · high27.9 /100k
12/100Ohio 18.9 /100kUnited States 18.4 /100kMar 2025–Feb 2026Centers for Disease Control and PreventionProvisional dataMahoning County value
Preventable hospital stays · high3,786 /100k
12/100Ohio 3,269 /100kUnited States 2,769 /100k2023University of Wisconsin Population Health InstituteMahoning County value

Trends

The largest changes over about five years, next to the country's over the same periods.

Rent as share of incomeWorsening
30.5% (2015-2019) → 40.5% (2020-2024)
+10 pts5 yearsCensus table B25071US 29.8% → 30.6%
Rent-burdened householdsWorsening
53.0% (2015-2019) → 62.6% (2020-2024)
+9.6 pts5 yearsCensus table B25070US 49.6% → 51.1%
Median household incomeImproving
$69,545 (2015-2019) → $92,417 (2020-2024)
+33%5 yearsCensus table B19013US $65,712 → $81,604
Uninsured residents (under 65)Worsening
0.8% (2015-2019) → 7.3% (2020-2024)
+6.5 pts5 yearsCensus table B27010US 10.8% → 9.8%
Broadband subscriptionsImproving
84.7% (2015-2019) → 90.8% (2020-2024)
+6.1 pts5 yearsCensus table B28002US 82.7% → 91.0%
Child poverty rateImproving
3.6% (2015-2019) → 1.1% (2020-2024)
−2.5 pts5 yearsCensus table B17001US 16.8% → 15.5%

What changed in five years

How each measure moved between two periods about five years apart, read against whether more or less is better, the published margin of error and the same change in other places.

Over about five years, Poland, Ohio improved on 1 of 11 measures with a comparison and declined on 0. 10 moved within the margin of error and 0 barely changed.

Earlier (2015-2019)
Latest (2020-2024)
Lower standingHigher standing

Position is the place's standing among cities and towns: further right is better, whichever way the measure counts.

Improved1

Household income+33%$69,545 → $92,417

Declined0

No measure declined by more than its margin of error.

All 11 measures

Change of every measure of Poland, Ohio between two periods about five years apart
Measure	Before	After	Change	Reading	Favourable vs peers
Average commute time	24.4 min2015-2019	26.7 min2020-2024	+2.3 min	Within the margin of error	24%
Bachelor's degree or higher	43.8%2015-2019	45.8%2020-2024	+2 points	Within the margin of error	42%
Broadband subscriptions	84.7%2015-2019	90.8%2020-2024	+6.1 points	Within the margin of error	38%
Effective property tax rate	1.56%2015-2019	1.50%2020-2024	−0.1 points	Within the margin of error	27%
High school diploma or higher	96.4%2015-2019	97.3%2020-2024	+0.9 points	Within the margin of error	46%
Home price to income ratio	2.1×2015-2019	2.2×2020-2024	+0.1×	Within the margin of error	74%
Income inequality (Gini index)	0.4192015-2019	0.4152020-2024	−0.004	Within the margin of error	54%
Median household income	$69,5452015-2019	$92,4172020-2024	+33%	Improved	61%
Public transit commuters	0.0%2015-2019	0.0%2020-2024	0 points	Within the margin of error	60%
Rent as share of income	30.5%2015-2019	40.5%2020-2024	+10 points	Within the margin of error	9%
Rent-burdened households	53.0%2015-2019	62.6%2020-2024	+9.6 points	Within the margin of error	25%

“Against peers” compares the change with the same change in the 14640 cities and towns that have the same two periods. It describes how common a change is, not why it happened.

Sources: American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. Values are the latest and the one five years earlier of the same publisher dataset; datasets that changed publisher in between are never compared.

Survey estimates (American Community Survey) compare the two most recent 5-year windows that do not share years, so the margin of error of the difference holds. The 2015-2019 window predates the pandemic and 2020-2024 includes it.
A change counts only when it is larger than 1.645 times the square root of the two standard errors squared, summed (a 90% margin). Measures published without a margin must change by at least 5% to count.
“Against peers” compares the change with the same change in the 15651 cities and towns that have the same two periods. It describes how common a change is, not why it happened.
Standing is a percentile among the same places: 0 is the lowest value on the measure (or the worst when lower is better), 100 the best.

Cities and towns like Poland, Ohio five years ago that improved

The places whose measures looked most like those of Poland, Ohio in the earlier period, ranked by how many measures improved beyond the margin of error, minus how many declined. A comparison of published data, not a forecast and not advice.

For comparison, Poland, Ohio itself moved −6.9 points in standing on average over the same 10 measures (standings of all places average about zero).

How the ranking works

Similarity is the root-mean-square difference of standings in the earlier period over the measures most places have. Places are ranked by measures that improved beyond the margin of error minus those that declined (a count that estimation noise in small places cannot inflate), then by the mean change of standing over the measures a place has in both periods. Only places with more improvements than declines and a rise in standing are listed. Standings are relative, so a place can improve in absolute terms and still lose standing.

Who lives here

Age, race and education of residents, from the American Community Survey. Shares are of all residents (age), residents of every origin (race) or adults 25 and over (education).

Age and sex

2,357 residents (±406)

Men
Women

80 and over†
70–79†
60–69

Income

How household income is spread, not just the middle: each bar is the share of households in that income range.

Household income

1,063 households (±126)

Poland, Ohio
Ohio share

Under $25k11%†121
$25k–50k17%†186
$50k–75k

Homes

Who owns and who rents, what homes cost, and what the housing stock looks like.

Owners and renters

1,063 households (±126)

Poland, Ohio
Ohio share

Own87%930
Rent13%†133

No change since 2015–2019 is larger than the margin of error.

† Wide margin of error (more than 30% of the estimate): read with care.

Table view

Getting to work

How workers travel to their job and how long it takes them.

How people get to work

1,099 workers (±218)

Poland, Ohio
Ohio share

Drive alone82%900
Carpool5.5%†60
Public transit0.0%0

Jobs and pay

What the largest occupations here pay, from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics survey.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes pay by metro area, not by county or city. The metro area page lists its largest occupations and lets you look up any job.

Pay in the Youngstown-Warren, OH

Local businesses

Employer businesses and sole proprietors by industry, per resident and against the state and the nation. Counts of businesses next to counts of people, not a measure of demand.

The Census Bureau publishes business counts by county, not by city, so these are the figures of Mahoning County, the county holding most of Poland's residents.

Mahoning County has 5,391 employer establishments, 239 for every 10,000 residents (0.96× the US rate of 248; 1.11× Ohio's), with 83,444 paid employees at an average annual pay of $48,665. The Census Bureau also counts 17,919 nonemployer businesses, mostly sole proprietors.

Establishments: 5,391; 17,919 nonemployers
Per 10,000 residents: 239; US 248 · Ohio 216
Paid employees: 83,444
Average annual pay: $48,665; US $68,342

Employer establishments, employees, average pay and nonemployers of Mahoning County by industry, with the density per resident against the nation

Ambulatory health care services	502	22.3	1.07×About typical	6,527	$65,509	1,163
Restaurants and other eating places	450	20	1.09×About typical	9,174	$18,063	98
Specialty trade contractors	312	13.8	0.89×About typical	3,385	$87,107	1,217
Limited-service restaurants	241	10.7	1.33×More than typical	4,294	$16,977	39
Religious organizations	197	8.7	1.57×More than typical	1,473	$23,543	—
Services to buildings and dwellings	168	7.5	1.11×About typical	1,120	$33,148	1,053
Full-service restaurants	166	7.4	0.96×About typical	4,272	$18,859	34
Lessors of real estate	163	7.2	0.59×Fewer than typical	572	$36,122	1,646
Offices of other health practitioners	150	6.7	1.09×About typical	1,072	$41,768	389
Offices of physicians	144	6.4	0.99×About typical	2,400	$105,567	195
Legal services	116	5.1	0.96×About typical	479	$57,286	146
Insurance agencies and brokerages	109	4.8	1.10×About typical	610	$57,541	337

Rank places for an industry Open Mahoning County

County Business Patterns (2023); Nonemployer Statistics (2024)

Per-resident figures divide by the population estimate of 2023: 225,487 residents here, 336,755,052 in the United States. County Business Patterns counts establishments in 2023; the Nonemployer Statistics count businesses in 2024.
“More than typical” is a density at least 1.25 times the nation's per resident, “fewer” at most 0.8 times, with at least 10 establishments. It compares counts of businesses with counts of people: it says nothing about demand, incomes, size, quality or profit, and visitors and commuters are not residents.
The Census Bureau adds noise to employment and payroll to protect confidentiality, and withholds some figures: an industry with few establishments can show employees or pay as unavailable.
Industries overlap: a narrower industry (full-service restaurants) is part of a broader one (restaurants), so the rows do not add up.
Industries follow the North American Industry Classification System; the two surveys use different editions (NAICS 2017 and 2022), which this page matches industry by industry.

Federal contracts performed here

In FY2026, an estimated $0 of federal contract obligations were for work performed in Poland, Ohio: $0 per resident (US $1,994).

Obligations: $0
Per resident: $0; US $1,994
Sole-source: —; US 30%
Single offer: —; US 8.8%

A signal is a reason to look closer, not evidence of wrongdoing: most sole-source awards are lawful and justified.

Top buying agencies

Top recipients

Spending by fiscal year

280.7FY2018
239.6FY2019
2KFY2020
21.7KFY2021
231FY2022
9.3KFY2023
-177.6FY2024

What was bought

Source: Federal contract transactions (Federal Procurement Data System) (U.S. Department of the Treasury, USAspending.gov), data current to Oct 3, 2026, loaded Oct 3, 2026.

How this is estimated

Agencies report each contract action's place of performance as a county and a ZIP code. A ZIP code's money is split among the cities it covers by the share of its land inside each (Census 2020 ZIP code tabulation areas); the part outside city limits stays with the county.

The place of performance is what the contracting agency reports, often the contractor's office rather than where the work happens.
Shares are of land, not of people or businesses: a ZIP code that is mostly rural land but has its offices in town gives the town less than it should.
ZIP codes that are not mapped areas (post office boxes, the unique ZIP codes of large federal sites and companies) stay with their county, unless one city covers nearly all of it.
Counts of actions and awards include those only partly in Poland, Ohio, so they do not add up across cities.

Poland, Ohio's figures are part of those of Mahoning County, OH ($9.4M in FY2026), never added to them: 0.0% of that total.

Grants and other federal assistance are counted by county here, not split among cities: Poland is mostly in Mahoning County.

See federal money in Mahoning County

Representation in Congress

Members serving today, with their record in the current Congress (party-unity votes cast with their caucus, roll calls missed). Not a grade.

Poland, Ohio is represented in the 119th Congress by these members.

House

Michael A. RulliR-OH-6 · 100% of residentsWith party 96%Missed 5.3%

Senate

Explore Congress The 2026 races

County

A city can lie in several counties. Some indicators are published for counties only: the page marks them.

Mahoning County44100% of residents

Metro area

The metro or micro area the city belongs to.

Youngstown-Warren, OH36

Other cities and towns in Mahoning County

Largest first.

Similar cities and towns

Closest indicator profiles across the country (no model: score distances).

Data and sources

Latest published value of each indicator; periods differ by source. Values flagged by their publisher are marked.

PLACES: Local Data for Better HealthCenters for Disease Control and Prevention · release 2025
Local Area Unemployment StatisticsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics · release 2025
American Community Survey 5-Year EstimatesU.S. Census Bureau · release 2017-2024
Population Estimates ProgramU.S. Census Bureau · release 2025
Small Area Health Insurance EstimatesU.S. Census Bureau · release 2024
Small Area Income and Poverty EstimatesU.S. Census Bureau · release 2024
County Health Rankings & RoadmapsUniversity of Wisconsin Population Health Institute · release 2022-2025+2026-03-supplement

JSON · /api/v1/places/3963954

Scores by category

Strengths · Weaknesses

Strengths

Weaknesses

Trends