H.J.Res. 1 · 119th Congress

Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices.

Introduced on Jan 3, 2025 by Andy Biggs (R-AZ-5). 2 cosponsors, all from the sponsor's party. Latest action (Sep 2, 2026): On motion to suspend the rules and pass the resolution Failed by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 212 - 206 (Roll no. 293).

Stage
Failed
Introduced
Jan 3, 2025
Cosponsors
2
0 from the other party
Policy area
Law
Open in the Congress explorerCongress.govAlert me

Progress

The furthest stage the measure reached. Simple and concurrent resolutions do not go to the President.

  1. Introduced
  2. 2Failed
  3. 3Passed one chamber
  4. 4Passed both chambers
  5. 5Sent to the President
  6. 6Became law

Subjects

  • Constitution and constitutional amendments
  • Judges
  • Supreme Court

Summary

By the Congressional Research Service (Introduced in House, Jan 3, 2025). Public domain.

This joint resolution proposes a constitutional amendment requiring the Supreme Court to be composed of nine Justices—one Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices.

Sponsor and cosponsors

Cosponsors by party as of the day they signed on. Original cosponsors signed on the day of introduction.

Andy BiggsR-AZ-5Sponsor

Republicans · 2

Roll calls

Recorded votes on the measure. Most measures move by voice vote or unanimous consent, which record no individual positions.

  1. On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass
    Sep 2, 2026· House· Passage· Failed 212–206

History

Every action as published, oldest first. Roll calls link to how each member voted.

  1. Jan 3, 2025Introduced in House
  2. Jan 3, 2025Introduced in House
  3. Jan 3, 2025 · HouseReferred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
  4. Jun 3, 2026 · HouseCommittee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held
  5. Jun 3, 2026 · HouseOrdered to be Reported by the Yeas and Nays: 15 - 8.
  6. Jul 6, 2026Reported by the Committee on Judiciary. H. Rept. 119-732.
  7. Jul 6, 2026 · HouseReported by the Committee on Judiciary. H. Rept. 119-732.
  8. Jul 6, 2026 · HousePlaced on the House Calendar, Calendar No. 84.
  9. Sep 2, 2026 · HouseMr. Biggs (AZ) moved to suspend the rules and pass the resolution.
  10. Sep 2, 2026 · HouseConsidered under suspension of the rules. (consideration: CR H5443-5451; text: CR H5443)
  11. Sep 2, 2026 · HouseDEBATE - The House proceeded with one hour of debate on H.J. Res. 1.
  12. Sep 2, 2026 · HouseAt the conclusion of debate, the Yeas and Nays were demanded and ordered. Pursuant to the provisions of clause 8, rule XX, the Chair announced that further proceedings on the motion would be postponed.
  13. Sep 2, 2026 · HouseConsidered as unfinished business. (consideration: CR H5459-5460)
  14. Sep 2, 2026Failed of passage/not agreed to in House On motion to suspend the rules and pass Failed by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 212 - 206 (Roll no. 293).House · Roll call 293
  15. Sep 2, 2026 · HouseOn motion to suspend the rules and pass Failed by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 212 - 206 (Roll no. 293).House · Roll call 293

Committees

Committees and subcommittees the measure was referred to.

Agencies in its committees' jurisdiction

Analisa's mapping of committee jurisdiction to federal agencies; the bill may touch others, or none of these.

Sources and method

Every figure on this page traces to these records.

  • Bill status: bills and resolutions, sponsors, actions, subjects and CRS summaries (U.S. Government Publishing Office (GovInfo), from Congress.gov (Library of Congress))GovInfo Bill Status bulk data (Congress.gov; summaries by the Congressional Research Service) · data current to Oct 7, 2026 · loaded Oct 7, 2026 · license: Public domain (U.S. Government work, 17 U.S.C. § 105)
  • Members of Congress, their terms, committees and identifiers (The @unitedstates project (from the Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress, the House and the Senate))unitedstates/congress-legislators: legislators, committees and current committee membership · data current to Oct 3, 2026 · loaded Oct 3, 2026 · license: CC0 1.0 (public domain dedication)
  • House roll-call votes (Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives, roll-call vote records · data current to Oct 3, 2026 · loaded Oct 3, 2026 · license: Public domain (U.S. Government work, 17 U.S.C. § 105)
  • Senate roll-call votes and DW-NOMINATE scores (Voteview (UCLA Department of Political Science))Lewis, Jeffrey B., Keith Poole, Howard Rosenthal, Adam Boche, Aaron Rudkin, and Luke Sonnet (2026). Voteview: Congressional Roll-Call Votes Database. https://voteview.com/ · data current to Oct 3, 2026 · loaded Oct 3, 2026 · license: Free to use with the required citation
  • Lobbying disclosures (LD-1 registrations, LD-2 quarterly reports, LD-203 contribution reports) (Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives)Clerk of the House, Lobbying Disclosure Act filings (organizations only; lobbyists' names are not loaded) · data current to Oct 7, 2026 · loaded Oct 7, 2026 · license: Public domain (U.S. Government work, 17 U.S.C. § 105)
  • Positions are shown only where a roll call recorded them; voice votes and unanimous consent record none.