H.R. 2675 · 119th Congress

Protecting Our Courts from Foreign Manipulation Act

Introduced on Apr 7, 2025 by Ben Cline (R-VA-6). 26 cosponsors, 1 of them from another party. Latest action (Jun 15, 2026): Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 608.

Stage
Reported by committee
Introduced
Apr 7, 2025
Cosponsors
26
1 from the other party
Policy area
Law
Open in the Congress explorerCongress.govAlert me

Progress

The furthest stage the measure reached. Simple and concurrent resolutions do not go to the President.

  1. Introduced
  2. Reported by committee
  3. 3Passed one chamber
  4. 4Passed both chambers
  5. 5Sent to the President
  6. 6Became law

Official title

To amend chapter 111 of title 28, United States Code, to increase transparency and oversight of third-party funding by foreign persons, to prohibit third-party funding by foreign states and sovereign wealth funds, and for other purposes.

Subjects

  • Civil actions and liability
  • Congressional oversight
  • Foreign and international banking
  • Judicial procedure and administration

Summary

By the Congressional Research Service (Reported to House, Jun 15, 2026). Public domain.

Protecting Our Courts from Foreign Manipulation Act

This bill limits third-party financing of civil litigation by foreign entities in federal courts and establishes related disclosure requirements.

The bill makes it unlawful for a foreign state or sovereign wealth fund to provide any monetary support for a civil action in which it is not a named party. The bill also makes it unlawful for any party or counsel to receive monetary support for civil litigation from a foreign state or sovereign wealth fund that is not a party.

The bill also prohibits third-party litigation funding agreements involving money from a foreign state or sovereign wealth fund in which someone other than named parties or counsel of record receives a payment that is contingent on the outcome or proceeds from the civil action or from any matter within a portfolio that includes the civil action.

The bill requires any party or counsel in a civil action to disclose the name of any foreign person, state, or sovereign wealth fund that has agreed to provide monetary support for the civil action, has a right to receive a payment contingent upon the outcome of the civil action, or has the right to receive payment that is contingent on proceeds from any matter within a portfolio that includes the civil action.

The bill also requires parties to produce the agreement creating a contingent right to payment.

These requirements apply to claims that are pending on or commenced after this bill's date of enactment.

Sponsor and cosponsors

Cosponsors by party as of the day they signed on. Original cosponsors signed on the day of introduction.

Ben ClineR-VA-6Sponsor

Democrats · 1

Republicans · 25

Roll calls

Recorded votes on the measure. Most measures move by voice vote or unanimous consent, which record no individual positions.

No recorded roll call on this measure: it moved by voice vote or unanimous consent, or has not reached the floor.

History

Every action as published, oldest first. Roll calls link to how each member voted.

  1. Apr 7, 2025Introduced in House
  2. Apr 7, 2025Introduced in House
  3. Apr 7, 2025 · HouseReferred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
  4. Nov 18, 2025 · HouseCommittee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held
  5. Nov 20, 2025 · HouseCommittee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held
  6. Nov 20, 2025 · HouseOrdered to be Reported (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 15 - 11.
  7. Jun 15, 2026Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Judiciary. H. Rept. 119-700.
  8. Jun 15, 2026 · HouseReported (Amended) by the Committee on Judiciary. H. Rept. 119-700.
  9. Jun 15, 2026 · HousePlaced on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 608.

Committees

Committees and subcommittees the measure was referred to.

Agencies in its committees' jurisdiction

Analisa's mapping of committee jurisdiction to federal agencies; the bill may touch others, or none of these.

Who lobbied on it

Organizations whose lobbying reports (LD-2) name this measure. Spending is what they reported for those quarters on all issues, not on this measure alone.

  1. AMERICAN PROPERTY CASUALTY INSURANCE ASSOCIATION16 reports
    $8.1M reported (all issues)
  2. Liberty Mutual Group12 reports
    $4.7M reported (all issues)
  3. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANIES11 reports
    $2.4M reported (all issues)
  4. JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES, INC.8 reports
    $8.9M reported (all issues)
  5. U.S. Chamber of Commerce Institute for Legal Reform8 reports
    $610K reported (all issues)
  6. Chubb INA Holdings Inc.6 reports
    $4.5M reported (all issues)
  7. GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES INSURANCE COMPANY6 reports
    $900K reported (all issues)
  8. Inventors Defense Alliance6 reports
    $270K reported (all issues)
  9. SENTRY INSURANCE COMPANY6 reports
    $90K reported (all issues)
  10. Sentry Insurance Company (Formerly Sentry Insurance a Mutual Company)6 reports
    $596K reported (all issues)
  11. AMERICAN TRUCKING ASSOCIATIONS INC.5 reports
    $3.3M reported (all issues)
  12. American Association for Justice5 reports
    $7.8M reported (all issues)
  13. Chamber of Commerce of the U.S.A.5 reports
    $87.7M reported (all issues)
  14. Common Cause5 reports
    $150K reported (all issues)
  15. INDEPENDENT INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS OF AMERICA, INC.5 reports
    $1.1M reported (all issues)
  16. Software & Information Industry Association5 reports
    $6.4M reported (all issues)
  17. U.S. Chamber of Commerce fka U.S. Chamber of Commerce-Institute for Legal Reform5 reports
    $250K reported (all issues)
  18. American Tort Reform Association4 reports
    $40K reported (all issues)
  19. NFIB (National Federation of Independent Business)4 reports
    $6.4M reported (all issues)
  20. ALLSTATE INSURANCE COMPANY3 reports
    $2.6M reported (all issues)
  21. AMERICAN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW ASSOCIATION (AIPLA)3 reports
    $30K reported (all issues)
  22. American Property Casualty Insurance Association fka Property Casualty Insurers3 reports
    $150K reported (all issues)
  23. NATIONAL INSURANCE CRIME BUREAU3 reports
    $110K reported (all issues)
  24. NATIONWIDE MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY2 reports
    $1.9M reported (all issues)
  25. US Chamber of Commerce Institute for Legal Reform2 reports
    $50K reported (all issues)
  26. Zurich American Insurance Company (fka Zurich)2 reports
    $1.2M reported (all issues)
  27. BURFORD CAPITAL LLC1 report
    $200K reported (all issues)
  28. CENTER FOR INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM1 report
    $10K reported (all issues)
  29. High Tech Inventors Alliance1 report
    $70K reported (all issues)
  30. Zurich American Insurance Company1 report
    $480K reported (all issues)

Reports filed in 2025, 2026.

Sources and method

Every figure on this page traces to these records.

  • Bill status: bills and resolutions, sponsors, actions, subjects and CRS summaries (U.S. Government Publishing Office (GovInfo), from Congress.gov (Library of Congress))GovInfo Bill Status bulk data (Congress.gov; summaries by the Congressional Research Service) · data current to Oct 9, 2026 · loaded Oct 9, 2026 · license: Public domain (U.S. Government work, 17 U.S.C. § 105)
  • Members of Congress, their terms, committees and identifiers (The @unitedstates project (from the Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress, the House and the Senate))unitedstates/congress-legislators: legislators, committees and current committee membership · data current to Oct 3, 2026 · loaded Oct 3, 2026 · license: CC0 1.0 (public domain dedication)
  • House roll-call votes (Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives, roll-call vote records · data current to Oct 3, 2026 · loaded Oct 3, 2026 · license: Public domain (U.S. Government work, 17 U.S.C. § 105)
  • Senate roll-call votes and DW-NOMINATE scores (Voteview (UCLA Department of Political Science))Lewis, Jeffrey B., Keith Poole, Howard Rosenthal, Adam Boche, Aaron Rudkin, and Luke Sonnet (2026). Voteview: Congressional Roll-Call Votes Database. https://voteview.com/ · data current to Oct 3, 2026 · loaded Oct 3, 2026 · license: Free to use with the required citation
  • Lobbying disclosures (LD-1 registrations, LD-2 quarterly reports, LD-203 contribution reports) (Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives)Clerk of the House, Lobbying Disclosure Act filings (organizations only; lobbyists' names are not loaded) · data current to Oct 9, 2026 · loaded Oct 9, 2026 · license: Public domain (U.S. Government work, 17 U.S.C. § 105)
  • Positions are shown only where a roll call recorded them; voice votes and unanimous consent record none.
  • Money and votes are shown side by side; neither explains the other.