H.R. 6048 · 119th Congress

NDO Fairness Act of 2025

Introduced on Nov 17, 2025 by Scott Fitzgerald (R-WI-5). One cosponsor. Latest action (Sep 14, 2026): Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.

Stage
Passed one chamber
Introduced
Nov 17, 2025
Cosponsors
1
1 from the other party
Policy area
Crime and Law Enforcement
Open in the Congress explorerCongress.govAlert me

Progress

The furthest stage the measure reached. Simple and concurrent resolutions do not go to the President.

  1. Introduced
  2. Reported by committee
  3. Passed one chamber
  4. 4Passed both chambers
  5. 5Sent to the President
  6. 6Became law

Official title

To amend title 18, United States Code, to modify delayed notice requirements, and for other purposes.

Subjects

  • Business records
  • Computers and information technology
  • Congressional oversight
  • Consumer affairs
  • Criminal investigation, prosecution, interrogation
  • Internet, web applications, social media
  • Judicial procedure and administration
  • Right of privacy
  • Telephone and wireless communication

Summary

By the Congressional Research Service (Introduced in House, Nov 17, 2025). Public domain.

NDO Fairness Act

This bill increases the requirements the government must meet to obtain a nondisclosure order (NDO) under the Stored Communications Act (SCA).

The SCA generally prohibits providers of remote computing services or electronic communication services (providers) from disclosing stored electronic communications or records (e.g., emails) or information pertaining to customers or subscribers. However, the SCA authorizes the government seek a warrant, order, or subpoena to compel providers to disclose electronic communications or records or information pertaining to customers or subscribers during an investigation. Providers may notify customers and subscribers of the warrant, order, or subpoena unless the government obtains a court order—an NDO—that delays the notification.

This bill raises the standard the government must meet to obtain (or extend) an NDO. The bill also requires the court, before issuing an NDO, to issue a written determination that the standard was met based on specific and articulable facts, and to review the underlying warrant, order, or subpoena.

The bill requires NDOs to be narrowly tailored. It also limits their duration to 90 days for most investigations, though it permits a duration of up to one year for investigations pertaining to an offense involving child pornography or sexual exploitation of children.

Finally, the bill requires the Department of Justice to report annually on data related to NDOs, including the number of customers or subscribers targeted; applications for orders; orders granted, extended, or denied; and orders targeting members of the media or conduct related to certain protected activities.

Sponsor and cosponsors

Cosponsors by party as of the day they signed on. Original cosponsors signed on the day of introduction.

Scott FitzgeraldR-WI-5Sponsor

Democrats · 1

Roll calls

Recorded votes on the measure. Most measures move by voice vote or unanimous consent, which record no individual positions.

No recorded roll call on this measure: it moved by voice vote or unanimous consent, or has not reached the floor.

History

Every action as published, oldest first. Roll calls link to how each member voted.

  1. Nov 17, 2025Introduced in House
  2. Nov 17, 2025Introduced in House
  3. Nov 17, 2025 · HouseReferred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
  4. Nov 18, 2025 · HouseCommittee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held
  5. Nov 20, 2025 · HouseCommittee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held
  6. Nov 20, 2025 · HouseOrdered to be Reported (Amended) by Voice Vote.
  7. Aug 31, 2026 · HouseMr. Fitzgerald moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended.
  8. Aug 31, 2026 · HouseConsidered under suspension of the rules. (consideration: CR H5266-5268)
  9. Aug 31, 2026 · HouseDEBATE - The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on H.R. 6048.
  10. Aug 31, 2026Passed/agreed to in House: On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Agreed to by voice vote.
  11. Aug 31, 2026 · HouseOn motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Agreed to by voice vote. (text: CR H5266-5267)
  12. Aug 31, 2026 · HouseMotion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
  13. Sep 14, 2026 · SenateReceived in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.

Committees

Committees and subcommittees the measure was referred to.

Agencies in its committees' jurisdiction

Analisa's mapping of committee jurisdiction to federal agencies; the bill may touch others, or none of these.

Who lobbied on it

Organizations whose lobbying reports (LD-2) name this measure. Spending is what they reported for those quarters on all issues, not on this measure alone.

  1. MICROSOFT CORPORATION4 reports
    Federal contractor: MICROSOFT CORPORATION$444.3M in contracts, FY2026AI match · 99%
  2. Project for Privacy and Surveillance Accountability, Inc.4 reports
    $290K reported (all issues)
  3. META PLATFORMS, INC.3 reports
    $19.6M reported (all issues)
  4. Business Software Alliance2 reports
    $790K reported (all issues)
  5. ELECTRONIC FRONTIER FOUNDATION2 reports
    $40K reported (all issues)
  6. National Association of Assistant United States Attorneys1 report
    $13.6K reported (all issues)

Reports filed in 2025, 2026.

Sources and method

Every figure on this page traces to these records.

  • Bill status: bills and resolutions, sponsors, actions, subjects and CRS summaries (U.S. Government Publishing Office (GovInfo), from Congress.gov (Library of Congress))GovInfo Bill Status bulk data (Congress.gov; summaries by the Congressional Research Service) · data current to Oct 9, 2026 · loaded Oct 9, 2026 · license: Public domain (U.S. Government work, 17 U.S.C. § 105)
  • Members of Congress, their terms, committees and identifiers (The @unitedstates project (from the Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress, the House and the Senate))unitedstates/congress-legislators: legislators, committees and current committee membership · data current to Oct 3, 2026 · loaded Oct 3, 2026 · license: CC0 1.0 (public domain dedication)
  • House roll-call votes (Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives, roll-call vote records · data current to Oct 3, 2026 · loaded Oct 3, 2026 · license: Public domain (U.S. Government work, 17 U.S.C. § 105)
  • Senate roll-call votes and DW-NOMINATE scores (Voteview (UCLA Department of Political Science))Lewis, Jeffrey B., Keith Poole, Howard Rosenthal, Adam Boche, Aaron Rudkin, and Luke Sonnet (2026). Voteview: Congressional Roll-Call Votes Database. https://voteview.com/ · data current to Oct 3, 2026 · loaded Oct 3, 2026 · license: Free to use with the required citation
  • Lobbying disclosures (LD-1 registrations, LD-2 quarterly reports, LD-203 contribution reports) (Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives)Clerk of the House, Lobbying Disclosure Act filings (organizations only; lobbyists' names are not loaded) · data current to Oct 9, 2026 · loaded Oct 9, 2026 · license: Public domain (U.S. Government work, 17 U.S.C. § 105)
  • Positions are shown only where a roll call recorded them; voice votes and unanimous consent record none.
  • Money and votes are shown side by side; neither explains the other.