H.R. 77 · 119th Congress

Midnight Rules Relief Act

Introduced on Jan 3, 2025 by Andy Biggs (R-AZ-5). 12 cosponsors, all from the sponsor's party. Latest action (Feb 13, 2025): Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.

Stage
Passed one chamber
Introduced
Jan 3, 2025
Cosponsors
12
0 from the other party
Policy area
Government Operations and Politics
Open in the Congress explorerCongress.govAlert me

Progress

The furthest stage the measure reached. Simple and concurrent resolutions do not go to the President.

  1. Introduced
  2. Reported by committee
  3. Passed one chamber
  4. 4Passed both chambers
  5. 5Sent to the President
  6. 6Became law

Official title

To amend chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, to provide for en bloc consideration in resolutions of disapproval for "midnight rules", and for other purposes.

Subjects

  • Administrative law and regulatory procedures
  • Congressional oversight
  • Legislative rules and procedure
  • Presidents and presidential powers, Vice Presidents

Summary

By the Congressional Research Service (Introduced in House, Jan 3, 2025). Public domain.

Midnight Rules Relief Act

This bill allows Congress to disapprove multiple regulations under one joint resolution of disapproval if the regulations were submitted for review during a portion of the final year of a President's term.

Under current law, the Congressional Review Act generally provides for a period of additional review during the succeeding Congress for regulations that were submitted during the last 60 legislative days of the prior Congress. However, each joint resolution may disapprove of only one regulation.

Sponsor and cosponsors

Cosponsors by party as of the day they signed on. Original cosponsors signed on the day of introduction.

Andy BiggsR-AZ-5Sponsor

Republicans · 12

Roll calls

Recorded votes on the measure. Most measures move by voice vote or unanimous consent, which record no individual positions.

  1. On Motion to Recommit
    Feb 12, 2025· House· Procedural· Failed 205–213
  2. On Passage
    Feb 12, 2025· House· Passage· Passed 212–208

History

Every action as published, oldest first. Roll calls link to how each member voted.

  1. Jan 3, 2025Introduced in House
  2. Jan 3, 2025Introduced in House
  3. Jan 3, 2025 · HouseReferred to the Committee on the Judiciary, and in addition to the Committee on Rules, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
  4. Jan 3, 2025 · HouseReferred to the Committee on the Judiciary, and in addition to the Committee on Rules, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
  5. Feb 10, 2025 · HouseRules Committee Resolution H. Res. 122 Reported to House. Rule provides for consideration of H.R. 77 with 1 hour of general debate. Motion to recommit allowed. Bill is closed to amendments.
  6. Feb 11, 2025 · HouseRule H. Res. 122 passed House.
  7. Feb 12, 2025 · HouseConsidered under the provisions of rule H. Res. 122. (consideration: CR H654-663)
  8. Feb 12, 2025 · HouseRule provides for consideration of H.R. 77 with 1 hour of general debate. Motion to recommit allowed. Bill is closed to amendments.
  9. Feb 12, 2025 · HouseDEBATE - The House proceeded with one hour of debate on H.R. 77.
  10. Feb 12, 2025 · HouseThe previous question was ordered pursuant to the rule.
  11. Feb 12, 2025 · HouseMs. Jacobs moved to recommit to the Committee on the Judiciary. (text: CR H662)
  12. Feb 12, 2025 · HouseThe previous question on the motion to recommit was ordered pursuant to clause 2(b) of rule XIX.
  13. Feb 12, 2025 · HouseOn motion to recommit Failed by the Yeas and Nays: 205 - 213 (Roll no. 40).House · Roll call 40
  14. Feb 12, 2025Passed/agreed to in House: On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 212 - 208 (Roll no. 41). (text: CR H654)House · Roll call 41
  15. Feb 12, 2025 · HouseOn passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 212 - 208 (Roll no. 41). (text: CR H654)House · Roll call 41
  16. Feb 12, 2025 · HouseMotion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
  17. Feb 13, 2025 · SenateReceived in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.

Committees

Committees and subcommittees the measure was referred to.

Agencies in its committees' jurisdiction

Analisa's mapping of committee jurisdiction to federal agencies; the bill may touch others, or none of these.

Who lobbied on it

Organizations whose lobbying reports (LD-2) name this measure. Spending is what they reported for those quarters on all issues, not on this measure alone.

  1. AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION7 reports
    $1.1M reported (all issues)
  2. American Society of Civil Engineers6 reports
    $1.7M reported (all issues)Federal contractor: AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS$360.6K in contracts, FY2026AI match · 100%
  3. Chamber of Commerce of the U.S.A.6 reports
    $107M reported (all issues)
  4. PPG INDUSTRIES INC.4 reports
    $250K reported (all issues)Federal contractor: PPG INDUSTRIES, INC.$8.6M in contracts, FY2026AI match · 100%
  5. AFL-CIO2 reports
    $1.8M reported (all issues)Federal contractor: AFL-CIO WORKING FOR AMERICA INSTITUTE, INC. (THE)AI match · 92%
  6. AMERICAN COATINGS ASSOCIATION INC.2 reports
    $40K reported (all issues)
  7. Evonik Corporation2 reports
    $100K reported (all issues)
  8. National Taxpayers Union2 reports
    $60K reported (all issues)
  9. Americans for Financial Reform1 report
    $150K reported (all issues)
  10. Cystic Fibrosis Foundation1 report
    $200K reported (all issues)
  11. Earthjustice Action1 report
    $92.6K reported (all issues)
  12. Heritage Action for America1 report
    $100K reported (all issues)
  13. LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS, INC1 report
    $170K reported (all issues)
  14. National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners1 report
    $24K reported (all issues)
  15. P Street Project, Inc.1 report
    $10K reported (all issues)
  16. Public Citizen1 report
    $100.4K reported (all issues)

Reports filed in 2025, 2026.

Sources and method

Every figure on this page traces to these records.

  • Bill status: bills and resolutions, sponsors, actions, subjects and CRS summaries (U.S. Government Publishing Office (GovInfo), from Congress.gov (Library of Congress))GovInfo Bill Status bulk data (Congress.gov; summaries by the Congressional Research Service) · data current to Oct 3, 2026 · loaded Oct 3, 2026 · license: Public domain (U.S. Government work, 17 U.S.C. § 105)
  • Members of Congress, their terms, committees and identifiers (The @unitedstates project (from the Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress, the House and the Senate))unitedstates/congress-legislators: legislators, committees and current committee membership · data current to Oct 3, 2026 · loaded Oct 3, 2026 · license: CC0 1.0 (public domain dedication)
  • House roll-call votes (Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives, roll-call vote records · data current to Oct 3, 2026 · loaded Oct 3, 2026 · license: Public domain (U.S. Government work, 17 U.S.C. § 105)
  • Senate roll-call votes and DW-NOMINATE scores (Voteview (UCLA Department of Political Science))Lewis, Jeffrey B., Keith Poole, Howard Rosenthal, Adam Boche, Aaron Rudkin, and Luke Sonnet (2026). Voteview: Congressional Roll-Call Votes Database. https://voteview.com/ · data current to Oct 3, 2026 · loaded Oct 3, 2026 · license: Free to use with the required citation
  • Lobbying disclosures (LD-1 registrations, LD-2 quarterly reports, LD-203 contribution reports) (Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives)Clerk of the House, Lobbying Disclosure Act filings (organizations only; lobbyists' names are not loaded) · data current to Oct 6, 2026 · loaded Oct 6, 2026 · license: Public domain (U.S. Government work, 17 U.S.C. § 105)
  • Positions are shown only where a roll call recorded them; voice votes and unanimous consent record none.
  • Money and votes are shown side by side; neither explains the other.