S. 401 · 119th Congress

Fair Access to Banking Act

Introduced on Feb 4, 2025 by Kevin Cramer (R-ND). 47 cosponsors, all from the sponsor's party. Latest action (Feb 4, 2025): Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs.

Stage
Introduced
Introduced
Feb 4, 2025
Cosponsors
47
0 from the other party
Policy area
Finance and Financial Sector
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Progress

The furthest stage the measure reached. Simple and concurrent resolutions do not go to the President.

  1. Introduced
  2. 2Reported by committee
  3. 3Passed one chamber
  4. 4Passed both chambers
  5. 5Sent to the President
  6. 6Became law

Official title

A bill to amend the Federal Reserve Act to prohibit certain financial service providers who deny fair access to financial services from using taxpayer funded discount window lending programs, and for other purposes.

Summary

By the Congressional Research Service (Introduced in Senate, Feb 4, 2025). Public domain.

Fair Access to Banking Act

This bill places restrictions on certain banks, credit unions, and payment card networks if they refuse to do business with a person who complies with the law. Restrictions include prohibiting the use of electronic funds transfer systems and lending programs, termination of an institution's depository insurance, and specified civil penalties.

Banks and other specified financial institutions are allowed to deny financial services to a person only if the denial is justified by a documented failure of that person to meet quantitative, impartial, risk-based standards established in advance by the institution. This justification may not be based upon reputational risks to the institution.

The bill establishes the right for a person to bring a civil action for a violation of this bill.

Sponsor and cosponsors

Cosponsors by party as of the day they signed on. Original cosponsors signed on the day of introduction.

Kevin CramerR-NDSponsor

Republicans · 47

Roll calls

Recorded votes on the measure. Most measures move by voice vote or unanimous consent, which record no individual positions.

No recorded roll call on this measure: it moved by voice vote or unanimous consent, or has not reached the floor.

History

Every action as published, oldest first. Roll calls link to how each member voted.

  1. Feb 4, 2025Introduced in Senate
  2. Feb 4, 2025 · SenateRead twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs.

Committees

Committees and subcommittees the measure was referred to.

Agencies in its committees' jurisdiction

Analisa's mapping of committee jurisdiction to federal agencies; the bill may touch others, or none of these.

Who lobbied on it

Organizations whose lobbying reports (LD-2) name this measure. Spending is what they reported for those quarters on all issues, not on this measure alone.

  1. NATIONAL SHOOTING SPORTS FOUNDATION, INC.12 reports
    $11.3M reported (all issues)
  2. American Bankers Association6 reports
    $14.2M reported (all issues)Federal contractor: AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATIONAI match · 100%
  3. BLOCKCHAIN ASSOCIATION6 reports
    $2M reported (all issues)
  4. CORECIVIC, INC.6 reports
    $3M reported (all issues)Federal contractor: CORECIVIC, INC.$449.8M in contracts, FY2026AI match · 100%
  5. Citigroup Washington, Inc.6 reports
    $8.2M reported (all issues)
  6. DIGITAL CURRENCY GROUP6 reports
    $2.3M reported (all issues)
  7. GOWEST CREDIT UNION ASSOCIATION6 reports
    $350K reported (all issues)
  8. JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC6 reports
    $6.8M reported (all issues)
  9. NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA6 reports
    $2.9M reported (all issues)
  10. THE GEO GROUP, INC.6 reports
    $2.1M reported (all issues)Federal contractor: THE GEO GROUP, INC.$952.1M in contracts, FY2026AI match · 100%
  11. ACA INTERNATIONAL4 reports
    $700K reported (all issues)
  12. CITIZENS FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.3 reports
    $730K reported (all issues)
  13. DEFI EDUCATION FUND2 reports
    $140K reported (all issues)
  14. SOLANA POLICY INSTITUTE1 report
    $560K reported (all issues)

Reports filed in 2025, 2026.

Sources and method

Every figure on this page traces to these records.

  • Bill status: bills and resolutions, sponsors, actions, subjects and CRS summaries (U.S. Government Publishing Office (GovInfo), from Congress.gov (Library of Congress))GovInfo Bill Status bulk data (Congress.gov; summaries by the Congressional Research Service) · data current to Oct 7, 2026 · loaded Oct 7, 2026 · license: Public domain (U.S. Government work, 17 U.S.C. § 105)
  • Members of Congress, their terms, committees and identifiers (The @unitedstates project (from the Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress, the House and the Senate))unitedstates/congress-legislators: legislators, committees and current committee membership · data current to Oct 3, 2026 · loaded Oct 3, 2026 · license: CC0 1.0 (public domain dedication)
  • House roll-call votes (Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives, roll-call vote records · data current to Oct 3, 2026 · loaded Oct 3, 2026 · license: Public domain (U.S. Government work, 17 U.S.C. § 105)
  • Senate roll-call votes and DW-NOMINATE scores (Voteview (UCLA Department of Political Science))Lewis, Jeffrey B., Keith Poole, Howard Rosenthal, Adam Boche, Aaron Rudkin, and Luke Sonnet (2026). Voteview: Congressional Roll-Call Votes Database. https://voteview.com/ · data current to Oct 3, 2026 · loaded Oct 3, 2026 · license: Free to use with the required citation
  • Lobbying disclosures (LD-1 registrations, LD-2 quarterly reports, LD-203 contribution reports) (Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives)Clerk of the House, Lobbying Disclosure Act filings (organizations only; lobbyists' names are not loaded) · data current to Oct 7, 2026 · loaded Oct 7, 2026 · license: Public domain (U.S. Government work, 17 U.S.C. § 105)
  • Positions are shown only where a roll call recorded them; voice votes and unanimous consent record none.
  • Money and votes are shown side by side; neither explains the other.