H.R. 28 · 119th Congress

Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2025

Introduced on Jan 3, 2025 by W. Gregory Steube (R-FL-17). 83 cosponsors, all from the sponsor's party. Latest action (Jan 15, 2025): Received in the Senate.

Stage
Passed one chamber
Introduced
Jan 3, 2025
Cosponsors
83
0 from the other party
Policy area
Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues
Open in the Congress explorerCongress.govAlert me

Progress

The furthest stage the measure reached. Simple and concurrent resolutions do not go to the President.

  1. Introduced
  2. Reported by committee
  3. Passed one chamber
  4. 4Passed both chambers
  5. 5Sent to the President
  6. 6Became law

Official title

To amend the Education Amendments of 1972 to provide that for purposes of determining compliance with title IX of such Act in athletics, sex shall be recognized based solely on a person's reproductive biology and genetics at birth.

Subjects

  • Athletes
  • Education programs funding
  • School athletics
  • Sex, gender, sexual orientation discrimination

Summary

By the Congressional Research Service (Introduced in House, Jan 3, 2025). Public domain.

Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2025

This bill generally prohibits school athletic programs from allowing individuals whose biological sex at birth was male to participate in programs that are for women or girls.

Specifically, the bill provides that it is a violation of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 for federally funded education programs or activities to operate, sponsor, or facilitate athletic programs or activities that allow individuals of the male sex to participate in programs or activities that are designated for women or girls. (Title IX prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in federally funded education programs or activities, including in public elementary and secondary schools and in colleges and universities.) Under the bill, sex is based on an individual's reproductive biology and genetics at birth.

The bill does not prohibit male individuals from training or practicing with programs or activities for women or girls as long as such training or practice does not deprive any female of corresponding opportunities or benefits.

The Government Accountability Office must report on the benefits for women or girls in single-sex sports that would be lost as a result of male participation. In particular, the report must document the negative psychological, developmental, participatory, and sociological effects of male participation on girls.

Sponsor and cosponsors

Cosponsors by party as of the day they signed on. Original cosponsors signed on the day of introduction.

W. Gregory SteubeR-FL-17Sponsor

Republicans · 83

Roll calls

Recorded votes on the measure. Most measures move by voice vote or unanimous consent, which record no individual positions.

  1. On Motion to Recommit
    Jan 14, 2025· House· Procedural· Failed 208–218
  2. On Passage
    Jan 14, 2025· House· Passage· Passed 218–206

History

Every action as published, oldest first. Roll calls link to how each member voted.

  1. Jan 3, 2025Introduced in House
  2. Jan 3, 2025Introduced in House
  3. Jan 3, 2025 · HouseReferred to the House Committee on Education and Workforce.
  4. Jan 14, 2025 · HouseConsidered under the provisions of rule H. Res. 5. (consideration: CR H126-138)
  5. Jan 14, 2025 · HouseDEBATE - The House proceeded with one hour of debate on H.R. 28.
  6. Jan 14, 2025 · HouseThe previous question was ordered pursuant to the rule.
  7. Jan 14, 2025 · HouseMs. Adams moved to recommit to the Committee on Education and Workforce. (text: CR H137)
  8. Jan 14, 2025 · HouseThe previous question on the motion to recommit was ordered pursuant to clause 2(b) of rule XIX.
  9. Jan 14, 2025 · HousePOSTPONED PROCEEDINGS - At the conclusion of debate on H.R. 28, the Chair put the question on the motion to recommit and announced that the noes had prevailed. Ms. Adams demanded the yeas and nays and the Chair postponed further proceedings until a time to be announced.
  10. Jan 14, 2025 · HouseConsidered as unfinished business. (consideration: CR H139-140)
  11. Jan 14, 2025 · HouseOn motion to recommit Failed by the Yeas and Nays: 208 - 218 (Roll no. 11).House · Roll call 11
  12. Jan 14, 2025Passed/agreed to in House: On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 218 - 206, 1 Present (Roll no. 12). (text: CR H126)House · Roll call 12
  13. Jan 14, 2025 · HouseOn passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 218 - 206, 1 Present (Roll no. 12). (text: CR H126)House · Roll call 12
  14. Jan 14, 2025 · HouseMotion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
  15. Jan 15, 2025 · SenateReceived in the Senate.

Committees

Committees and subcommittees the measure was referred to.

Agencies in its committees' jurisdiction

Analisa's mapping of committee jurisdiction to federal agencies; the bill may touch others, or none of these.

Who lobbied on it

Organizations whose lobbying reports (LD-2) name this measure. Spending is what they reported for those quarters on all issues, not on this measure alone.

  1. American Civil Liberties Union6 reports
    $3.5M reported (all issues)
  2. American Federation of Teachers6 reports
    $2.7M reported (all issues)
  3. Big 12 Conference6 reports
    $240K reported (all issues)
  4. HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGN6 reports
    $1.2M reported (all issues)
  5. NATIONAL ASSN OF INDEPENDENT COLLEGES & UNIVERSITIES6 reports
    $810K reported (all issues)
  6. National Council of Jewish Women6 reports
    $60K reported (all issues)
  7. The Education Trust6 reports
    $326.5K reported (all issues)
  8. YWCA USA6 reports
    $593K reported (all issues)
  9. ALLIANCE DEFENDING FREEDOM1 report
    $40K reported (all issues)
  10. American Council on Education1 report
    $30.9K reported (all issues)Federal contractor: AMERICAN COUNCIL ON EDUCATION$5M in contracts, FY2026AI match · 100%
  11. Concerned Women for America Legislative Action Committee1 report
    $13K reported (all issues)
  12. FAMILY RESEARCH COUNCIL1 report
  13. GUTTMACHER INSTITUTE1 report
    $10K reported (all issues)
  14. Heritage Action for America1 report
    $100K reported (all issues)
  15. Human Rights First1 report
    $67.5K reported (all issues)
  16. NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION1 report
    $650K reported (all issues)
  17. Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc.1 report
    $109.5K reported (all issues)
  18. REPRODUCTIVE FREEDOM FOR ALL1 report
    $50K reported (all issues)
  19. Service Employees International Union CTW-CLC1 report
    $286K reported (all issues)

Reports filed in 2025, 2026.

Sources and method

Every figure on this page traces to these records.

  • Bill status: bills and resolutions, sponsors, actions, subjects and CRS summaries (U.S. Government Publishing Office (GovInfo), from Congress.gov (Library of Congress))GovInfo Bill Status bulk data (Congress.gov; summaries by the Congressional Research Service) · data current to Oct 3, 2026 · loaded Oct 3, 2026 · license: Public domain (U.S. Government work, 17 U.S.C. § 105)
  • Members of Congress, their terms, committees and identifiers (The @unitedstates project (from the Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress, the House and the Senate))unitedstates/congress-legislators: legislators, committees and current committee membership · data current to Oct 3, 2026 · loaded Oct 3, 2026 · license: CC0 1.0 (public domain dedication)
  • House roll-call votes (Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives, roll-call vote records · data current to Oct 3, 2026 · loaded Oct 3, 2026 · license: Public domain (U.S. Government work, 17 U.S.C. § 105)
  • Senate roll-call votes and DW-NOMINATE scores (Voteview (UCLA Department of Political Science))Lewis, Jeffrey B., Keith Poole, Howard Rosenthal, Adam Boche, Aaron Rudkin, and Luke Sonnet (2026). Voteview: Congressional Roll-Call Votes Database. https://voteview.com/ · data current to Oct 3, 2026 · loaded Oct 3, 2026 · license: Free to use with the required citation
  • Lobbying disclosures (LD-1 registrations, LD-2 quarterly reports, LD-203 contribution reports) (Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives)Clerk of the House, Lobbying Disclosure Act filings (organizations only; lobbyists' names are not loaded) · data current to Oct 6, 2026 · loaded Oct 6, 2026 · license: Public domain (U.S. Government work, 17 U.S.C. § 105)
  • Positions are shown only where a roll call recorded them; voice votes and unanimous consent record none.
  • Money and votes are shown side by side; neither explains the other.