Scores by category

Each category averages its indicators' percentile scores among US metro and micro areas.

Safety48#479/924
Economy41#544/925
Housing22#726/925
Health87#121/925
Healthcare83#154/923
Environment20#733/917
Education97#29/925
Infrastructure90#91/925
Community77#213/925
Leisure & amenities69#292/925

Strengths · Weaknesses

Indicators where Champaign-Urbana, IL metro area ranks highest and lowest among US metro and micro areas (score = percentile, 100 = best).

Strengths

Public transit commuters · high3.0%
97/100Illinois 5.8%United States 3.2%2020-2024U.S. Census Bureau Census table B08301
Some college · high76.8%
96/100Illinois 71.4%United States 67.8%2019-2023University of Wisconsin Population Health InstituteAggregated from counties
Distance to an Amtrak station · low5 mi
96/100Illinois 13 miUnited States 43 mi2026Federal Aviation Administration · Bureau of Transportation Statistics · U.S. Census BureauAggregated from counties
Bachelor's degree or higher · high43.3%
94/100Illinois 37.8%United States 35.7%2020-2024U.S. Census Bureau Census table B15003
Primary care physicians · high106 /100k
93/100Illinois 82 /100kUnited States 76 /100k2022University of Wisconsin Population Health InstituteAggregated from counties
High school diploma or higher · high95.0%
93/100Illinois 90.5%United States 89.6%2020-2024U.S. Census Bureau Census table B15003

Weaknesses

Effective property tax rate · high1.99%
2/100Illinois 1.88%United States 0.94%2020-2024U.S. Census Bureau Census table B25090
Child care cost burden · high45.0%
2/100Illinois 30.4%United States 27.9%2023 & 2024University of Wisconsin Population Health InstituteAggregated from counties
Preventable hospital stays · high4,946 /100k
2/100Illinois 3,343 /100kUnited States 2,769 /100k2023University of Wisconsin Population Health InstituteAggregated from counties
Income inequality (Gini index) · high0.504
4/100Illinois 0.481United States 0.4832020-2024U.S. Census Bureau Census table B19083
Rent as share of income · high32.3%
13/100Illinois 29.1%United States 30.6%2020-2024U.S. Census Bureau Census table B25071
Distance to an airport · high107 mi
14/100Illinois 35 miUnited States 33 mi2025Federal Aviation Administration · Bureau of Transportation Statistics · U.S. Census BureauAggregated from counties

Trends

The largest changes over about five years, next to the country's over the same periods.

New homes permittedImproving
2.6 /1k (2021) → 8.3 /1k (Sep 2025–Aug 2026)
+214%5 yearsUS 5.2 /1k → 4.2 /1k
Drought exposureWorsening
13% (2021) → 51% (Oct 2025–Sep 2026)
+38 pts5 yearsUS 40% → 43%
Child care cost burdenWorsening
24.9% (2020 & 2021) → 45.0% (2023 & 2024)
+20 pts3 yearsUS 24.5% → 27.9%
Homicide rateImproving
10.6 /100k (2021) → 3.7 /100k (May 2025–Apr 2026)
−65%5 yearsUS 7.8 /100k → 4.8 /100k
Cost of buying a home todayWorsening
22.7% (Dec 2021) → 32.3% (Aug 2026)
+9.6 pts5 yearsUS 26.4% → 34.1%
Firearm deathsImproving
14.9 /100k (2021) → 9.1 /100k (May 2025–Apr 2026)
−39%5 yearsUS 14.7 /100k → 12.1 /100k

What changed in five years

How each measure moved between two periods about five years apart, read against whether more or less is better, the published margin of error and the same change in other places.

Over about five years, Champaign-Urbana, IL metro area improved on 10 of 32 measures with a comparison and declined on 7. 9 moved within the margin of error and 6 barely changed.

Earlier period
Latest period
Lower standingHigher standing

Position is the place's standing among metro and micro areas: further right is better, whichever way the measure counts. Periods differ by measure (most compare 2015-2019 with 2020-2024); each row names its own in its tooltip and in the table.

Improved10

Homicides−52%7.7 /100k → 3.7 /100k
Violent crime−34%503 /100k → 331 /100k
Grocery stores+8.4%1.7 /10k → 1.8 /10k
Real income+32%$50,003 → $65,958
Overdose deaths−24%20.9 /100k → 15.9 /100k

Declined7

Transit use−2.3 points5.3% → 3.0%
Property crime+28%1,439 /100k → 1,848 /100k
Uninsured+1.4 points4.4% → 5.8%
Suicides+26%10.9 /100k → 13.8 /100k
Pharmacies−21%2.1 /10k → 1.7 /10k

All 32 measures

Change of every measure of Champaign-Urbana, IL metro area between two periods about five years apart
Measure	Before	After	Change	Reading	Favourable vs peers
Arts, entertainment and recreation	3.5 /10k2020	3.4 /10k2025	−2.7%	Little change	24%
Average commute time	18.1 min2015-2019	17.9 min2020-2024	−0.2 min	Within the margin of error	69%
Average weekly wage	$1,0152020	$1,2462025	+23%	Improved	45%
Bachelor's degree or higher	43.6%2015-2019	43.3%2020-2024	−0.3 points	Within the margin of error	6%
Broadband subscriptions	82.6%2015-2019	90.3%2020-2024	+7.7 points	Improved	34%
Child poverty rate	14.9%2015-2019	13.0%2020-2024	−1.9 points	Within the margin of error	44%
Distance to an airport	107 mi2020	107 mi2025	+0 mi	Little change	15%
Drug overdose deaths	20.9 /100k2020	15.9 /100kMar 2025–Feb 2026	−24%	Improved	50%
Effective property tax rate	2.12%2015-2019	1.99%2020-2024	−0.1 points	Little change	50%
Firearm deaths	9.0 /100k2020	9.1 /100kMay 2025–Apr 2026	+0.8%	Little change	47%
Grocery stores	1.7 /10k2020	1.8 /10k2025	+8.4%	Improved	75%
Gyms and fitness centers	1.1 /10k2020	1.0 /10k2025	−9.1%	Declined	26%
High school diploma or higher	94.9%2015-2019	95.0%2020-2024	+0.1 points	Within the margin of error	8%
Home price to income ratio	3.0×2015-2019	3.1×2020-2024	+0.1×	Within the margin of error	89%
Homicide rate	7.7 /100k2020	3.7 /100kMay 2025–Apr 2026	−52%	Improved	80%
Income adjusted for local prices	$50,0032019	$65,9582024	+32%	Improved	53%
Income inequality (Gini index)	0.4982015-2019	0.5042020-2024	+0.006	Within the margin of error	36%
Median household income	$53,6412015-2019	$65,5282020-2024	+22%	Improved	23%
New business applications	8.0 /1k2020	10.6 /1k2025	+32%	Improved	30%
Pharmacies	2.1 /10k2020	1.7 /10k2025	−21%	Declined	17%
Poverty rate	18.9%2015-2019	17.7%2020-2024	−1.1 points	Within the margin of error	55%
Property crime rate	1,439 /100k2020	1,848 /100k2025	+28%	Declined	1%
Public libraries	0.9 /10k2019	0.9 /10k2024	−0.1%	Little change	63%
Public transit commuters	5.3%2015-2019	3.0%2020-2024	−2.3 points	Declined	5%
Rent as share of income	31.7%2015-2019	32.3%2020-2024	+0.6 points	Within the margin of error	47%
Rent-burdened households	53.1%2015-2019	53.3%2020-2024	+0.2 points	Within the margin of error	57%
Restaurants and bars	11.5 /10k2020	11.3 /10k2025	−1.5%	Little change	39%
Suicide rate	10.9 /100k2020	13.8 /100kMay 2025–Apr 2026	+26%	Declined	19%
Traffic deaths	8.5 /100k2015-2019	10.2 /100k2020-2024	+21%	Declined	28%
Unemployment rate	6.4%2020	4.1%2025	−2.3 points	Improved	32%
Uninsured residents (under 65)	4.4%2015-2019	5.8%2020-2024	+1.4 points	Declined	14%
Violent crime rate	503 /100k2020	331 /100k2025	−34%	Improved	81%

“Against peers” compares the change with the same change in the 708 metro and micro areas that have the same two periods. It describes how common a change is, not why it happened.

Sources: Regional Economic Accounts; Local Area Unemployment Statistics; Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages; Mapping Injury, Overdose, and Violence; American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates; Business Formation Statistics; Uniform Crime Reporting Program, Return A master files; Public Libraries Survey; Fatality Analysis Reporting System; Distance to airports and intercity rail. Values are the latest and the one five years earlier of the same publisher dataset; datasets that changed publisher in between are never compared.

Survey estimates (American Community Survey) compare the two most recent 5-year windows that do not share years, so the margin of error of the difference holds. The 2015-2019 window predates the pandemic and 2020-2024 includes it.
A change counts only when it is larger than 1.645 times the square root of the two standard errors squared, summed (a 90% margin). Measures published without a margin must change by at least 5% to count.
“Against peers” compares the change with the same change in the 925 metro and micro areas that have the same two periods. It describes how common a change is, not why it happened.
Standing is a percentile among the same places: 0 is the lowest value on the measure (or the worst when lower is better), 100 the best.

Metro and micro areas like Champaign-Urbana, IL metro area five years ago that improved

The places whose measures looked most like those of Champaign-Urbana, IL metro area in the earlier period, ranked by how many measures improved beyond the margin of error, minus how many declined. A comparison of published data, not a forecast and not advice.

For comparison, Champaign-Urbana, IL metro area itself moved −3.4 points in standing on average over the same 30 measures (standings of all places average about zero).

How the ranking works

Similarity is the root-mean-square difference of standings in the earlier period over the measures most places have. Places are ranked by measures that improved beyond the margin of error minus those that declined (a count that estimation noise in small places cannot inflate), then by the mean change of standing over the measures a place has in both periods. Only places with more improvements than declines and a rise in standing are listed. Standings are relative, so a place can improve in absolute terms and still lose standing.

Who lives here

Age, race and education of residents, from the American Community Survey. Shares are of all residents (age), residents of every origin (race) or adults 25 and over (education).

Age and sex

238,842 residents

Men
Women

80 and over
70–79
60–69

Income

How household income is spread, not just the middle: each bar is the share of households in that income range.

Household income

98,224 households (±878)

Champaign-Urbana, IL metro area
United States share

Under $25k21%20,875
$25k–50k18%17,801
$50k–75k16%15,765

Homes

Who owns and who rents, what homes cost, and what the housing stock looks like.

Owners and renters

98,224 households (±878)

Champaign-Urbana, IL metro area
United States share

Own57%56,261
Rent43%41,963

Biggest shift since 2015–2019: Own (+2.1 points).

Table view

Getting to work

How workers travel to their job and how long it takes them.

How people get to work

113,601 workers (±1,662)

Champaign-Urbana, IL metro area
United States share

Drive alone67%75,582
Carpool7.6%8,669
Public transit3.0%3,399

Jobs and pay

What the largest occupations here pay, from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics survey.

The 10 largest occupations in Champaign-Urbana, IL employ 24,340 people. 5 pay a median above the US median and 5 below it.

Above the US median
Below the US median

The largest occupations in Champaign-Urbana, IL by employment, with median annual pay and how it compares with the United States
Occupation	Jobs	Median pay	vs USCompared with the US	Concentration
Registered Nurses3,520 jobs	3,520	$90,230US $97,550	−8%	1.54×
Fast Food and Counter Workers2,890 jobs	2,890	$31,300US $31,200	0%	1.1×
Cashiers2,500 jobs	2,500	$32,130US $32,880	−2%	1.19×
Teaching Assistants, Postsecondary2,480 jobs	2,480	$50,110US $42,910	+17%	22×
Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners2,310 jobs	2,310	$39,000US $36,840	+6%	1.54×
General and Operations Managers2,260 jobs	2,260	$96,610US $105,770	−9%	0.95×
Retail Salespersons2,180 jobs	2,180	$33,870US $35,410	−4%	0.83×
Office Clerks, General2,180 jobs	2,180	$48,800US $45,010	+8%	1.3×
Stockers and Order Fillers2,060 jobs	2,060	$35,400US $37,330	−5%	1.07×
Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand1,960 jobs	1,960	$41,970US $40,240	+4%	0.98×

Look up any occupation

Search more than 800 occupations and see what they pay in Champaign-Urbana, IL.

Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, 2025-05 (all industries and ownerships) bls.gov/oes

Reference period: 2025-05. BLS publishes metro areas, states and the nation (not counties or cities), so a county or city page shows its metro area.
Pay is not adjusted for the cost of living, so a higher median does not mean more purchasing power.
BLS caps the highest wages it publishes: where a figure is shown as “or more”, the real value is at least that much.
Some occupations (teachers, performers) are published by the hour or school year and shown here as an annual figure.

Local businesses

Employer businesses and sole proprietors by industry, per resident and against the state and the nation. Counts of businesses next to counts of people, not a measure of demand.

Champaign-Urbana, IL has 4,919 employer establishments, 206 for every 10,000 residents (0.83× the US rate of 248), with 80,065 paid employees at an average annual pay of $55,123. The Census Bureau also counts 16,181 nonemployer businesses, mostly sole proprietors.

Establishments: 4,919; 16,181 nonemployers
Per 10,000 residents: 206; US 248
Paid employees: 80,065
Average annual pay: $55,123; US $68,342

Employer establishments, employees, average pay and nonemployers of Champaign-Urbana, IL by industry, with the density per resident against the nation

Restaurants and other eating places	478	20	1.09×About typical	8,285	$21,669	68
Ambulatory health care services	309	13	0.62×Fewer than typical	5,596	$128,645	647
Specialty trade contractors	276	11.6	0.75×Fewer than typical	2,602	$75,654	755
Lessors of real estate	220	9.2	0.75×Fewer than typical	1,284	$60,878	1,466
Limited-service restaurants	213	8.9	1.11×About typical	4,158	$19,808	33
Full-service restaurants	212	8.9	1.16×About typical	3,511	$24,905	21
Religious organizations	195	8.2	1.47×More than typical	1,160	$22,263	—
Services to buildings and dwellings	142	6	0.88×About typical	1,306	$36,218	800
Construction of buildings	129	5.4	0.72×Fewer than typical	706	$67,670	328
Insurance agencies and brokerages	118	4.9	1.13×About typical	513	$79,499	239
Offices of other health practitioners	110	4.6	0.76×Fewer than typical	695	$44,494	307
Banks and credit unions	104	4.4	1.35×More than typical	1,539	$70,418	10

Rank places for an industry

County Business Patterns (2023); Nonemployer Statistics (2024)

Per-resident figures divide by the population estimate of 2023: 238,586 residents here, 336,755,052 in the United States. County Business Patterns counts establishments in 2023; the Nonemployer Statistics count businesses in 2024.
“More than typical” is a density at least 1.25 times the nation's per resident, “fewer” at most 0.8 times, with at least 10 establishments. It compares counts of businesses with counts of people: it says nothing about demand, incomes, size, quality or profit, and visitors and commuters are not residents.
The Census Bureau adds noise to employment and payroll to protect confidentiality, and withholds some figures: an industry with few establishments can show employees or pay as unavailable.
Industries overlap: a narrower industry (full-service restaurants) is part of a broader one (restaurants), so the rows do not add up.
A metro area's figures are the exact sums of its counties.
Industries follow the North American Industry Classification System; the two surveys use different editions (NAICS 2017 and 2022), which this page matches industry by industry.

Federal contract spending

In FY2026, federal agencies obligated $90.1M on contracts performed in Champaign-Urbana, IL metro area: $375 per resident (US $1,995).

Obligations: $90.1M; −17% vs FY2025
Per resident: $375; US $1,995
Sole-source: 6.3%; US 30%
Single offer: 3.2%; US 8.8%

A signal is a reason to look closer, not evidence of wrongdoing: most sole-source awards are lawful and justified.

Top buying agencies

Agricultural Marketing Service$47M52%
Department of the Army$25.5M28%
National Aeronautics and Space Administration$3.9M4.3%
Office of Procurement Operations$3.5M3.9%
National Science Foundation$2M2.2%
Federal Acquisition Service$2M2.2%
Federal Highway Administration$1.1M1.2%
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency$965.2K1.1%

Top recipients

Spending by fiscal year

67.3MFY2017
62.4MFY2018
53.1MFY2019
64.7MFY2020
50.3MFY2021
70.6MFY2022
93.8MFY2023
75.9M

Top industries (NAICS)

Animal slaughtering and processing · 3116$47M52%
Other fabricated metal product manufacturing · 3329$23.4M26%
Scientific research and development services · 5417$11.3M13%
Other professional, scientific, and technical services · 5419$2.3M2.6%
Other miscellaneous manufacturing · 3399$2.2M2.4%
Architectural, engineering, and related services · 5413

Largest awards

UKRAINE: PRODUCE AND DELIVER 151,503 M1128 METAL PARTS. THE GOVERNMENT COMPETED THE REQUIREMENT AND MADE A MULTI-YEAR SINGLE AWARD TO AID ARMY STOCKPILE REPLENISHMENTS AND SUPPORT THE CONFLICT IN UKRAINE.$139.8M
IMT DEFENSE CORP· Champaign County, IL· Weapons, aircraft, ships & vehicles· Aug 2, 2023 – May 28, 2026· W15QKN23F0483
M1128 METAL PARTS INITIAL FIRST ARTICLE TEST.$33.2M
IMT DEFENSE CORP· Champaign County, IL· Weapons, aircraft, ships & vehicles· Apr 20, 2023 – Jan 15, 2026· W15QKN23F0326
DEDICATED NETWORK TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM (DNTS) YEARS 1-3 PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT$20.1M
DATA COMM FOR BUSINESS INC· Champaign County, IL· Other equipment & supplies· Sep 24, 2025 – Mar 5, 2026· 693KA825F00312

Source: Federal contract transactions (Federal Procurement Data System) (U.S. Department of the Treasury, USAspending.gov), data current to Oct 7, 2026, loaded Oct 7, 2026.

Federal grants & assistance

Grants, loans (counted at their subsidy cost), direct payments and insurance, by fiscal year of the action (USAspending.gov, FABS). Reported apart from contracts and never added to them.

In FY2026, federal agencies obligated $1.5B in grants, loans, direct payments and insurance for Champaign-Urbana, IL metro area: $6,098 per resident (US $12,975).

Assistance · FY2026: $1.5B; −22% vs FY2025
Per resident: $6,098; US $12,975
Loan face value: $41.1M; lent or guaranteed
To individuals: 1.9%; counted, never named

Top programs

96.002 · Social Security Retirement Insurance$670.8M46%
96.001 · Social Security Disability Insurance$71.6M4.9%
64.109 · Veterans Compensation for Service-Connected Disability$68.3M4.7%
84.063 · Federal Pell Grant Program$66.4M4.5%
96.004 · Social Security Survivors Insurance$64M4.4%
93.774 · Medicare Supplementary Medical Insurance$48.2M3.3%
81.049 · Office of Science Financial Assistance Program$38.6M2.6%
93.773 · Medicare Hospital Insurance$31.5M2.1%

Top recipients (organizations)

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS$255M17%
CHAMPAIGN, IL
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS$64.6M4.4%
URBANA, IL
ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION$39.1M2.7%
SPRINGFIELD, IL
HOUSING AUTHORITY OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY$21M1.4%
CHAMPAIGN, IL
PARKLAND COLLEGE DISTRICT 505$10.5M

Organizations only: awards to individuals and county aggregate records count in the totals but are never listed. Grants to state governments recorded at the agency's own address are counted statewide, not in the capital's county.

Top agencies

Social Security Administration$836M57%
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services$92.8M6.3%
Department of Health and Human Services
Under Secretary for Benefits/Veterans Benefits Administration$79.7M5.4%
Department of Veterans Affairs
Department of Education$74.8M5.1%
National Institutes of Health$74.3M

Assistance by fiscal year

2.1BFY2021
1.9BFY2022
1.8BFY2023
1.9BFY2024
1.9BFY2025
1.5BFY2026

County aggregates

70%

Share of obligations reported only as county totals of many small awards (for example Social Security or Medicare payments), with no recipient named.

Source: Federal financial assistance transactions (Financial Assistance Broker Submission) (U.S. Department of the Treasury, USAspending.gov), data current to Oct 7, 2026, loaded Oct 7, 2026 · FY2021–FY2026.

Counties in Champaign-Urbana, IL

Whole counties, as the U.S. Office of Management and Budget delineates the area. Federal spending below is the exact sum of these counties.

Principal cities

The cities the area is named for.

Largest cities and towns

By population, for places with most of their residents in the area.

Other metro and micro areas in Illinois

Areas based in Illinois, best score first.

Neighboring metro and micro areas

Places that share a border, best score first.

Similar metro and micro areas

Closest indicator profiles across the country (no model: score distances).

Data and sources

Latest published value of each indicator; periods differ by source. Values flagged by their publisher are marked.

Mapping Injury, Overdose, and ViolenceCenters for Disease Control and Prevention · release 2026-10-01
PLACES: Local Data for Better HealthCenters for Disease Control and Prevention · release 2025
Daily county PM2.5 and ozone (EPA downscaler model)Centers for Disease Control and Prevention · U.S. Environmental Protection Agency · release 2022
Care Compare: Hospital General Information and Timely and Effective CareCenters for Medicare & Medicaid Services · release 2026-07-22
Distance to airports and intercity railFederal Aviation Administration · Bureau of Transportation Statistics · U.S. Census Bureau · release 2025+amtrak-2026-04-23
Uniform Crime Reporting Program, Return A master filesFederal Bureau of Investigation · release 2025
Public Libraries SurveyInstitute of Museum and Library Services · release FY2024
U.S. Drought Monitor county statisticsNational Drought Mitigation Center (University of Nebraska–Lincoln), USDA and NOAA · release 2026-09-29
Fatality Analysis Reporting SystemNational Highway Traffic Safety Administration · release 2024
nClimGrid-Daily county averagesNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information · release 2025
Regional Economic AccountsU.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis · release 2024
Local Area Unemployment StatisticsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics · release 2025
Quarterly Census of Employment and WagesU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics · release 2026 Q1
American Community Survey 5-Year EstimatesU.S. Census Bureau · release 2017-2024
Building Permits SurveyU.S. Census Bureau · release 2026-08
Business Formation StatisticsU.S. Census Bureau · release 2026-10-01
Population Estimates ProgramU.S. Census Bureau · release 2025
Small Area Health Insurance EstimatesU.S. Census Bureau · release 2024
Small Area Income and Poverty EstimatesU.S. Census Bureau · release 2024
Alternative Fuels Data Center station locatorU.S. Department of Energy · release 2026-10
Election Administration and Voting SurveyU.S. Election Assistance Commission · release 2024
Air Quality Index Annual Summary by CountyU.S. Environmental Protection Agency · release 2025
County Health Rankings & RoadmapsUniversity of Wisconsin Population Health Institute · release 2022-2025+2026-03-supplement
Zillow Home Value Index, Observed Rent Index and affordabilityZillow Research · release 2026-08

JSON · /api/v1/places/M16580

Scores by category

Strengths · Weaknesses

Strengths

Weaknesses

Trends

What changed in five years

Improved10

Declined7

Metro and micro areas like Champaign-Urbana, IL metro area five years ago that improved

Who lives here

Age and sex

Income

Household income

Homes

Owners and renters

Getting to work

How people get to work

Jobs and pay

Look up any occupation

Local businesses

Federal contract spending

Top buying agencies

Top recipients

Spending by fiscal year

Top industries (NAICS)

Largest awards

Federal grants & assistance

Top programs

Top recipients (organizations)

Top agencies

Assistance by fiscal year

County aggregates

Counties in Champaign-Urbana, IL

Principal cities

Largest cities and towns

Other metro and micro areas in Illinois

Neighboring metro and micro areas

Similar metro and micro areas

Data and sources

Improved10

Declined7

Age and sex

Household income

Owners and renters

How people get to work

Race and Hispanic origin

Education

Rent paid

Home values

Age of homes

Size of homes

Time to get to work

Look up any occupation

Top programs

Top recipients (organizations)

Top agencies

Assistance by fiscal year

County aggregates

By type

Top buying agencies

Top recipients

Spending by fiscal year

Top industries (NAICS)

Largest awards

What was bought