County · Minnesota

Clay County, Minnesota

Clay County, Minnesota has a quality-of-life score of 81 out of 100 (very high), ranking #613 of 3,143 US counties. Within Minnesota it ranks #74 of 87 counties. It ranks best on flu vaccinations (high), distance to an airport (low) and high school diploma or higher (high). It ranks worst on primary care physicians (low), natural hazard risk (high) and rent as share of income (high).

81Very high

Quality-of-life score: #613 of 3,143 counties
Minnesota: #74 of 87 in MN
Population: 67,734 (2025)
Land area: 1,045 mi²
Density: 64.8 /mi²
FIPS code: 27027

Percentile-based score (100 is the best in the country) from 76 of 80 indicators, with the default “Explorer” weights.

Open in the map Federal contracts here

Scores by category

Each category averages its indicators' percentile scores among US counties.

Safety61#1,199/3,096
Economy74#806/3,143
Housing19#2,545/3,140
Health89#345/3,144
Healthcare86#443/3,143
Environment51#1,531/3,108
Education88#390/3,144
Infrastructure96#121/3,144
Community84#504/3,144
Leisure & amenities43#1,778/3,143

Strengths · Weaknesses

Indicators where Clay County, Minnesota ranks highest and lowest among US counties (score = percentile, 100 = best).

Strengths

Flu vaccinations · high56.0%
98/100Minnesota 50.0%United States 44.0%2023University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute
Distance to an airport · low9 mi
97/100Minnesota 43 miUnited States 33 mi2025Federal Aviation Administration · Bureau of Transportation Statistics · U.S. Census Bureau
High school diploma or higher · high95.3%
97/100Minnesota 93.9%United States 89.6%2020-2024U.S. Census Bureau Census table B15003
Some college · high78.9%
97/100Minnesota 75.4%United States 67.8%2019-2023University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute
Mammography screening · high58.0%
95/100Minnesota 54.0%United States 46.0%2023University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute
Uninsured residents (under 65) · low5.3%
95/100Minnesota 6.0%United States 9.8%2024U.S. Census BureauModel-based estimate

Weaknesses

Primary care physicians · low18 /100k
12/100Minnesota 90 /100kUnited States 76 /100k2022University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute
Natural hazard risk · high83.7
14/100Minnesota 27.82025Federal Emergency Management Agency
Rent as share of income · high31.5%
16/100Minnesota 29.2%United States 30.6%2020-2024U.S. Census Bureau Census table B25071
Property crime rate · high1,505 /100k
17/100Minnesota 1,412 /100kUnited States 1,535 /100k2025Federal Bureau of Investigation
Grocery stores · low1.0 /10k
20/100Minnesota 1.6 /10kUnited States 1.7 /10k2025U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Public libraries · low0.4 /10k
22/100Minnesota 0.6 /10kUnited States 0.5 /10k2024Institute of Museum and Library Services

Trends

The largest changes over about five years, next to the country's over the same periods.

Drought exposureImproving
56% (2021) → 20% (Oct 2025–Sep 2026)
−36 pts5 yearsUS 40% → 43%
Traffic deathsWorsening
4.4 /100k (2015-2019) → 9.4 /100k (2020-2024)
+112%5 yearsUS 11.3 /100k → 12.3 /100k
New homes permittedWorsening
7.4 /1k (2021) → 3.8 /1k (Sep 2025–Aug 2026)
−48%5 yearsUS 5.2 /1k → 4.2 /1k
Drug overdose deathsImproving
22.8 /100k (2021) → 11.9 /100k (Mar 2025–Feb 2026)
−48%5 yearsUS 30.8 /100k → 18.4 /100k
Broadband subscriptionsImproving
80.7% (2015-2019) → 89.8% (2020-2024)
+9.1 pts5 yearsCensus table B28002US 82.7% → 91.0%
Property crime rateImproving
2,730 /100k (2020) → 1,505 /100k (2025)
−45%5 yearsUS 1,929 /100k → 1,535 /100k

What changed in five years

How each measure moved between two periods about five years apart, read against whether more or less is better, the published margin of error and the same change in other places.

Over about five years, Clay County, Minnesota improved on 10 of 33 measures with a comparison and declined on 3. 18 moved within the margin of error and 2 barely changed.

Earlier period
Latest period
Lower standingHigher standing

Position is the place's standing among counties: further right is better, whichever way the measure counts. Periods differ by measure (most compare 2020 with 2025); each row names its own in its tooltip and in the table.

Improved10

Transit use+1 points0.8% → 1.8%
Bachelor's++5.1 points34.2% → 39.3%
Property crime−45%2,730 /100k → 1,505 /100k
Real income+34%$45,579 → $61,095
Violent crime−25%346 /100k → 260 /100k

Declined3

Traffic deaths+112%4.4 /100k → 9.4 /100k
Inequality+0.0230.420 → 0.443
Price / income+0.3×3.0× → 3.3×

All 33 measures

Change of every measure of Clay County, Minnesota between two periods about five years apart
Measure	Before	After	Change	Reading	Favourable vs peers
Arts, entertainment and recreation	3.5 /10k2020	4.9 /10k2025	+38%	Within the margin of error	86%
Average commute time	20.2 min2015-2019	19.7 min2020-2024	−0.5 min	Within the margin of error	68%
Average weekly wage	$8882020	$1,0872025	+22%	Improved	40%
Bachelor's degree or higher	34.2%2015-2019	39.3%2020-2024	+5.1 points	Improved	85%
Broadband subscriptions	80.7%2015-2019	89.8%2020-2024	+9.1 points	Improved	43%
Child poverty rate	12.4%2019	10.6%2024	−1.8 points	Within the margin of error	55%
Distance to an airport	9 mi2020	9 mi2025	0 mi	Little change	50%
Drug overdose deaths	12.3 /100k2020	11.9 /100kMar 2025–Feb 2026	−3.3%	Within the margin of error	28%
Effective property tax rate	1.10%2015-2019	1.11%2020-2024	+0 points	Within the margin of error	16%
Firearm deaths	9.2 /100k2020	12.3 /100kMay 2025–Apr 2026	+34%	Within the margin of error	13%
Grocery stores	1.2 /10k2020	1.0 /10k2025	−16%	Within the margin of error	22%
Gyms and fitness centers	0.8 /10k2020	0.9 /10k2025	+16%	Within the margin of error	69%
High school diploma or higher	94.9%2015-2019	95.3%2020-2024	+0.4 points	Within the margin of error	18%
Home price to income ratio	3.0×2015-2019	3.3×2020-2024	+0.3×	Declined	66%
Homicide rate	5.4 /100k2020	3.1 /100kMay 2025–Apr 2026	−43%	Within the margin of error	66%
Income adjusted for local prices	$45,5792019	$61,0952024	+34%	Improved	64%
Income inequality (Gini index)	0.4202015-2019	0.4432020-2024	+0.023	Declined	20%
Median household income	$64,8742019	$81,2262024	+25%	Improved	52%
New business applications	6.7 /1k2020	9.7 /1k2025	+45%	Improved	51%
Pharmacies	2.4 /10k2020	1.8 /10k2025	−28%	Within the margin of error	16%
Poverty rate	11.9%2019	11.2%2024	−0.7 points	Within the margin of error	62%
Property crime rate	2,730 /100k2020	1,505 /100k2025	−45%	Improved	66%
Public libraries	0.5 /10k2019	0.4 /10k2024	−4.3%	Within the margin of error	28%
Public transit commuters	0.8%2015-2019	1.8%2020-2024	+1 points	Improved	99%
Rent as share of income	32.4%2015-2019	31.5%2020-2024	−0.9 points	Within the margin of error	66%
Rent-burdened households	55.4%2015-2019	52.6%2020-2024	−2.8 points	Within the margin of error	70%
Restaurants and bars	6.6 /10k2020	6.1 /10k2025	−8%	Within the margin of error	29%
Students per teacher	15.5×2019	15.1×2024	−0.5×	Little change	41%
Suicide rate	26.0 /100k2020	19.6 /100kMay 2025–Apr 2026	−25%	Within the margin of error	88%
Traffic deaths	4.4 /100k2015-2019	9.4 /100k2020-2024	+112%	Declined	4%
Unemployment rate	4.5%2020	3.4%2025	−1.1 points	Improved	15%
Uninsured residents (under 65)	5.1%2019	5.3%2024	+0.2 points	Within the margin of error	21%
Violent crime rate	346 /100k2020	260 /100k2025	−25%	Improved	62%

“Against peers” compares the change with the same change in the 2303 counties that have the same two periods. It describes how common a change is, not why it happened.

Sources: Regional Economic Accounts; Local Area Unemployment Statistics; Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages; Mapping Injury, Overdose, and Violence; American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates; Business Formation Statistics; Small Area Health Insurance Estimates; Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates; Uniform Crime Reporting Program, Return A master files; Public Libraries Survey; Common Core of Data; Fatality Analysis Reporting System; Distance to airports and intercity rail. Values are the latest and the one five years earlier of the same publisher dataset; datasets that changed publisher in between are never compared.

Survey estimates (American Community Survey) compare the two most recent 5-year windows that do not share years, so the margin of error of the difference holds. The 2015-2019 window predates the pandemic and 2020-2024 includes it.
A change counts only when it is larger than 1.645 times the square root of the two standard errors squared, summed (a 90% margin). Measures published without a margin must change by at least 5% to count.
“Against peers” compares the change with the same change in the 3144 counties that have the same two periods. It describes how common a change is, not why it happened.
Standing is a percentile among the same places: 0 is the lowest value on the measure (or the worst when lower is better), 100 the best.

Counties like Clay County, Minnesota five years ago that improved

The places whose measures looked most like those of Clay County, Minnesota in the earlier period, ranked by how many measures improved beyond the margin of error, minus how many declined. A comparison of published data, not a forecast and not advice.

For comparison, Clay County, Minnesota itself moved +0.1 points in standing on average over the same 32 measures (standings of all places average about zero).

How the ranking works

Similarity is the root-mean-square difference of standings in the earlier period over the measures most places have. Places are ranked by measures that improved beyond the margin of error minus those that declined (a count that estimation noise in small places cannot inflate), then by the mean change of standing over the measures a place has in both periods. Only places with more improvements than declines and a rise in standing are listed. Standings are relative, so a place can improve in absolute terms and still lose standing.

Who lives here

Age, race and education of residents, from the American Community Survey. Shares are of all residents (age), residents of every origin (race) or adults 25 and over (education).

Age and sex

66,059 residents

Men
Women

80 and over
70–79
60–69

Income

How household income is spread, not just the middle: each bar is the share of households in that income range.

Household income

26,442 households (±270)

Clay County, Minnesota
Minnesota share

Under $25k17%4,434
$25k–50k15%4,025
$50k–75k15%3,838

Homes

Who owns and who rents, what homes cost, and what the housing stock looks like.

Owners and renters

26,442 households (±270)

Clay County, Minnesota
Minnesota share

Own66%17,424
Rent34%9,018

No change since 2015–2019 is larger than the margin of error.

Table view

Getting to work

How workers travel to their job and how long it takes them.

How people get to work

33,753 workers (±671)

Clay County, Minnesota
Minnesota share

Drive alone75%25,155
Carpool7.4%2,513
Public transit1.8%†591

Jobs and pay

What the largest occupations here pay, from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics survey.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes pay by metro area, not by county or city. The metro area page lists its largest occupations and lets you look up any job.

Pay in the Fargo, ND-MN

Local businesses

Employer businesses and sole proprietors by industry, per resident and against the state and the nation. Counts of businesses next to counts of people, not a measure of demand.

Clay County has 1,306 employer establishments, 196 for every 10,000 residents (0.79× the US rate of 248; 0.73× Minnesota's), with 16,761 paid employees at an average annual pay of $44,950. The Census Bureau also counts 4,800 nonemployer businesses, mostly sole proprietors.

Establishments: 1,306; 4,800 nonemployers
Per 10,000 residents: 196; US 248 · Minnesota 268
Paid employees: 16,761
Average annual pay: $44,950; US $68,342

Employer establishments, employees, average pay and nonemployers of Clay County by industry, with the density per resident against the nation

Specialty trade contractors	130	19.5	1.26×More than typical	579	$72,667	292
Ambulatory health care services	77	11.6	0.55×Fewer than typical	997	$57,394	151
Restaurants and other eating places	68	10.2	0.56×Fewer than typical	1,227	$18,307	14
Construction of buildings	58	8.7	1.15×About typical	295	$72,929	103
Lessors of real estate	49	7.4	0.60×Fewer than typical	125	$67,656	479
Religious organizations	45	6.8	1.22×About typical	419	$20,926	—
Insurance agencies and brokerages	41	6.2	1.40×More than typical	92	$54,478	83
Limited-service restaurants	41	6.2	0.77×Fewer than typical	741	$17,702	4
Truck transportation	41	6.2	1.22×About typical	271	$52,273	245
Building equipment contractors	37	5.6	0.92×About typical	207	$66,324	30
Foundation, structure and building exterior contractors	37	5.6	1.76×More than typical	166	$93,910	44
Services to buildings and dwellings	37	5.6	0.82×About typical	177	$30,842	257

Rank places for an industry

County Business Patterns (2023); Nonemployer Statistics (2024)

Per-resident figures divide by the population estimate of 2023: 66,581 residents here, 336,755,052 in the United States. County Business Patterns counts establishments in 2023; the Nonemployer Statistics count businesses in 2024.
“More than typical” is a density at least 1.25 times the nation's per resident, “fewer” at most 0.8 times, with at least 10 establishments. It compares counts of businesses with counts of people: it says nothing about demand, incomes, size, quality or profit, and visitors and commuters are not residents.
The Census Bureau adds noise to employment and payroll to protect confidentiality, and withholds some figures: an industry with few establishments can show employees or pay as unavailable.
Industries overlap: a narrower industry (full-service restaurants) is part of a broader one (restaurants), so the rows do not add up.
Industries follow the North American Industry Classification System; the two surveys use different editions (NAICS 2017 and 2022), which this page matches industry by industry.

Federal contract spending

In FY2026, federal agencies obligated $3.4M on contracts performed in Clay County, Minnesota: $50.75 per resident (US $1,994).

Obligations: $3.4M; −70% vs FY2025
Per resident: $50.75; US $1,994
Sole-source: 2.7%; US 30%
Single offer: 2.3%; US 8.8%

A signal is a reason to look closer, not evidence of wrongdoing: most sole-source awards are lawful and justified.

Top buying agencies

Department of the Army$2.1M60%
Department of Veterans Affairs$1.3M38%
Department of Energy$44.3K1.3%
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service$10.7K0.3%

Top recipients

DALYWORKS, LLC$759.3K22%
WAPSI VALLEY ARCHAEOLOGY, INC.$695.6K20%
BCSS, LLC$644K19%
PWS INC$540.9K16%
CITY OF ULEN MUNICIPAL LIQUOR STORE AND VIKING MANOR$481.6K14%

Spending by fiscal year

71KFY2017
4.2MFY2018
1.1MFY2019
483.1KFY2020
401.4KFY2021
570.9KFY2022
778.6KFY2023
26.2MFY2024

Top industries (NAICS)

Other heavy and civil engineering construction · 2379$1.2M34%
Couriers and express delivery services · 4921$759.3K22%
Scientific research and development services · 5417$695.6K20%
Nursing care facilities (skilled nursing facilities) · 6231$481.6K14%
Architectural, engineering, and related services · 5413$179.1K5.2%

Largest awards

FMM SE-4 CONSTRUCTION$24.9M
PWS INC· Clay County, MN· Construction & real property· May 28, 2024 – May 14, 2026· W912ES24C0011
SOUTHERN EMBANKMENT SE-5$11M
BCSS, LLC· Clay County, MN· Construction & real property· Jan 30, 2025 – Jun 2, 2026· W912ES25C0004
COURIER SERVICES$1.1M
DALYWORKS, LLC· Clay County, MN· Professional services· May 21, 2024 – Jun 23, 2026· 36C26324C0045
WORK TO STABILIZE AND PREPARE BERNHARDSON FARMHOUSE FOR MOVEMENT AND DOCUMENTATION OF ALL PROCESSES.$695.6K

Source: Federal contract transactions (Federal Procurement Data System) (U.S. Department of the Treasury, USAspending.gov), data current to Oct 3, 2026, loaded Oct 3, 2026.

Explore contracts in Clay County, Minnesota

Federal grants & assistance

Grants, loans (counted at their subsidy cost), direct payments and insurance, by fiscal year of the action (USAspending.gov, FABS). Reported apart from contracts and never added to them.

In FY2026, federal agencies obligated $359.2M in grants, loans, direct payments and insurance for Clay County, Minnesota: $5,304 per resident (US $12,955).

Assistance · FY2026: $359.2M; −5.6% vs FY2025
Per resident: $5,304; US $12,955
Loan face value: $20M; lent or guaranteed
To individuals: 4.1%; counted, never named

Top programs

96.002 · Social Security Retirement Insurance$201.5M56%
64.109 · Veterans Compensation for Service-Connected Disability$34M9.5%
96.001 · Social Security Disability Insurance$24.4M6.8%
96.004 · Social Security Survivors Insurance$16.9M4.7%
96.006 · Supplemental Security Income$10.5M2.9%
84.063 · Federal Pell Grant Program$10.2M2.8%
10.988 · Supplemental Disaster Relief Program$9.8M2.7%
32.004 · Universal Service Fund - Schools and Libraries$8.2M2.3%

Top recipients (organizations)

MINNESOTA STATE UNIVERSITY MOORHEAD$10M2.8%
MOORHEAD, MN
MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION$8.1M2.3%
SAINT PAUL, MN
CLAY COUNTY HOUSING & REDEVELOPMENT AUTH$7.3M2.0%
DILWORTH, MN
NW-LINKS$5.5M1.5%
MOORHEAD, MN
THE CONCORDIA COLLEGE CORPORATION

Organizations only: awards to individuals and county aggregate records count in the totals but are never listed. Grants to state governments recorded at the agency's own address are counted statewide, not in the capital's county.

Top agencies

Social Security Administration$253.4M71%
Under Secretary for Benefits/Veterans Benefits Administration$38.1M11%
Department of Veterans Affairs
Department of Education$13.4M3.7%
Farm Service Agency$10.4M2.9%
Department of Agriculture
Federal Communications Commission$8.3M2.3%

Assistance by fiscal year

326.9MFY2021
305.1MFY2022
321.1MFY2023
362.5MFY2024
380.6MFY2025
359.2MFY2026

County aggregates

83%

Share of obligations reported only as county totals of many small awards (for example Social Security or Medicare payments), with no recipient named.

Source: Federal financial assistance transactions (Financial Assistance Broker Submission) (U.S. Department of the Treasury, USAspending.gov), data current to Oct 3, 2026, loaded Oct 3, 2026 · FY2021–FY2026.

Explore grants in Clay County, Minnesota

Public money & outcomes

Federal money per resident by fiscal year next to how the place changed, and, when its money jumped, how it compares with similar counties. A comparison, not cause and effect.

How Clay County, Minnesota compares: the federal money it received per resident, and how jobs, income, housing and other outcomes moved, each next to the United States.

Money per resident

By federal fiscal year (October to September, named by the year it ends), obligations per resident. A year with no record counts as $0.

Clay County, Minnesota
United States
Year its money jumped
partial year

Federal contractsUS dollars per resident

Table view

Money per resident, Clay County, Minnesota and the United States, by fiscal year
Fiscal years (FY2024 = October 2023 to September 2024)	Clay County, Minnesota	United States
FY2017	$1.11	$1,436
FY2018	$65.10	$1,552
FY2019	$17.04	$1,654
FY2020	$7.39	$1,880
FY2021	$6.11	$1,810
FY2022	$8.63	$1,917
FY2023	$11.69	$2,079
FY2024	$389	$2,047
FY2025	$172	$2,165
FY2026	$50.75 (partial year)	$1,911

Construction contractsUS dollars per resident

Table view

Money per resident, Clay County, Minnesota and the United States, by fiscal year
Fiscal years (FY2024 = October 2023 to September 2024)	Clay County, Minnesota	United States
FY2017	$0.05	$93.28
FY2018	$61.86	$105
FY2019	$8.67	$128
FY2020	$4.74	$145
FY2021	$0.05	$117
FY2022

Contracts and grantsUS dollars per resident

Table view

Money per resident, Clay County, Minnesota and the United States, by fiscal year
Fiscal years (FY2024 = October 2023 to September 2024)	Clay County, Minnesota	United States
FY2021	$515	$5,748
FY2022	$334	$5,221
FY2023	$447	$5,364
FY2024	$1,220	$5,501
FY2025	$611	$5,732
FY2026

Transportation grantsUS dollars per resident

Table view

Money per resident, Clay County, Minnesota and the United States, by fiscal year
Fiscal years (FY2024 = October 2023 to September 2024)	Clay County, Minnesota	United States
FY2021	$4.48	$298
FY2022	$36.08	$357
FY2023	$149	$301
FY2024	$531	$319
FY2025	$251	$360
FY2026	$133

Housing assistanceUS dollars per resident

Table view

Money per resident, Clay County, Minnesota and the United States, by fiscal year
Fiscal years (FY2024 = October 2023 to September 2024)	Clay County, Minnesota	United States
FY2021	$110	$239
FY2022	$117	$185
FY2023	$146	$229
FY2024	$158	$229
FY2025	$173	$249
FY2026	$136

HHS grantsUS dollars per resident

Table view

Money per resident, Clay County, Minnesota and the United States, by fiscal year
Fiscal years (FY2024 = October 2023 to September 2024)	Clay County, Minnesota	United States
FY2021	$139	$2,304
FY2022	$106	$2,197
FY2023	$107	$2,274
FY2024	$156	$2,267
FY2025	$107	$2,397
FY2026	$102

SBA lending volumeUS dollars per resident

Table view

Money per resident, Clay County, Minnesota and the United States, by fiscal year
Fiscal years (FY2024 = October 2023 to September 2024)	Clay County, Minnesota	United States
FY2021	$1,036	$1,186
FY2022	$469	$465
FY2023	$60.86	$76.52
FY2024	$126	$120
FY2025	$152	$148
FY2026	$120

Fiscal years (FY2024 = October 2023 to September 2024)

How outcomes moved

Calendar years. Charts share the same years as the money above. Levels are shown as percent change since 2016; rates are shown as the rate itself.

Clay County, Minnesota
United States
Years with money loaded
Year its money jumped

Job growthpercent

Table view

Job growth, Clay County, Minnesota and the United States, by year
Calendar years	Clay County, Minnesota	United States
2014

When its money jumped

A county-year with at least 10,000 residents whose money per resident is at least twice its earlier average counts as a jump. Each is compared with up to five similar counties in the same region whose money did not jump.

Contracts and grants · FY2024

$1,220 per resident in FY2024, against an earlier average of $432 (2.8× that).

Compared with 12 similar counties

Clay County, Minnesota

Sources: Regional Economic Accounts, Local Area Unemployment Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, Business Formation Statistics, Building Permits Survey, Cartographic Boundary Files, Gazetteer and metro delineations, Population Estimates Program, Small Area Health Insurance Estimates, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates, Federal financial assistance transactions (Financial Assistance Broker Submission), Federal contract transactions (Federal Procurement Data System), Zillow Home Value Index, Observed Rent Index and affordability. JSON · /api/v1/outcomes/places/27027

See all comparisons

Representation in Congress

Members serving today, with their record in the current Congress (party-unity votes cast with their caucus, roll calls missed). Not a grade.

Clay County, Minnesota is represented in the 119th Congress by these members.

House

Michelle FischbachR-MN-7 · 100% of residentsWith party 99%Missed 0.4%

Senate

Explore Congress The 2026 races

Metro area

The metro or micro area Clay County belongs to. A county is in at most one.

Fargo, ND-MN95Central county

Cities and towns in Clay County

Places whose residents live mostly in Clay County, largest first.

Neighboring counties

Places that share a border, best score first.

Similar counties

Closest indicator profiles across the country (no model: score distances).

Data and sources

Latest published value of each indicator; periods differ by source. Values flagged by their publisher are marked.

Mapping Injury, Overdose, and ViolenceCenters for Disease Control and Prevention · release 2026-10-01
PLACES: Local Data for Better HealthCenters for Disease Control and Prevention · release 2025
Daily county PM2.5 and ozone (EPA downscaler model)Centers for Disease Control and Prevention · U.S. Environmental Protection Agency · release 2022
Care Compare: Hospital General Information and Timely and Effective CareCenters for Medicare & Medicaid Services · release 2026-07-22
Distance to airports and intercity railFederal Aviation Administration · Bureau of Transportation Statistics · U.S. Census Bureau · release 2025+amtrak-2026-04-23
Uniform Crime Reporting Program, Return A master filesFederal Bureau of Investigation · release 2025
National Risk IndexFederal Emergency Management Agency · release v1.20.0
Health Professional Shortage AreasHealth Resources and Services Administration · release 2026-10-03
Public Libraries SurveyInstitute of Museum and Library Services · release FY2024
Common Core of DataNational Center for Education Statistics · release 2024
U.S. Drought Monitor county statisticsNational Drought Mitigation Center (University of Nebraska–Lincoln), USDA and NOAA · release 2026-09-29
Fatality Analysis Reporting SystemNational Highway Traffic Safety Administration · release 2024
nClimGrid-Daily county averagesNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information · release 2025
Regional Economic AccountsU.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis · release 2024
Local Area Unemployment StatisticsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics · release 2025
Quarterly Census of Employment and WagesU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics · release 2026 Q1
American Community Survey 5-Year EstimatesU.S. Census Bureau · release 2017-2024
Building Permits SurveyU.S. Census Bureau · release 2026-08
Business Formation StatisticsU.S. Census Bureau · release 2026-10-01
Population Estimates ProgramU.S. Census Bureau · release 2025
Small Area Health Insurance EstimatesU.S. Census Bureau · release 2024
Small Area Income and Poverty EstimatesU.S. Census Bureau · release 2024
Alternative Fuels Data Center station locatorU.S. Department of Energy · release 2026-10
Election Administration and Voting SurveyU.S. Election Assistance Commission · release 2024
County Health Rankings & RoadmapsUniversity of Wisconsin Population Health Institute · release 2022-2025+2026-03-supplement
Zillow Home Value Index, Observed Rent Index and affordabilityZillow Research · release 2026-08

JSON · /api/v1/places/27027

Calendar years	Clay County, Minnesota	United States
2014	−5.3%	−4.2%
2015	−0.7%	−1.3%
2016	0.0%	0.0%
2017	+4.0%	+3.3%
2018	+7.5%	+6.8%
2019	+10.4%	+10.5%
2020	+21.3%	+19.4%
2021	+24.2%	+26.1%
2022	+31.6%	+30.6%
2023	+35.8%	+35.0%
2024	+41.1%	+41.0%
2025	+48.5%	+46.8%

Calendar years	Clay County, Minnesota	United States
2014	−2.4%	−5.5%
2015	+1.2%	−1.9%
2016	0.0%	0.0%
2017	+1.1%	+4.1%
2018	+5.3%	+8.9%
2019	+8.8%	+13.5%
2020	+17.9%	+20.8%
2021	+28.5%	+32.1%
2022	+31.8%	+35.4%
2023	+34.9%	+42.9%
2024	+39.5%	+49.5%

Calendar years	Clay County, Minnesota	United States
2014	9.1/1k	3.3/1k
2015	9.3/1k	3.7/1k
2016	9.1/1k	3.7/1k
2017	3.3/1k	3.9/1k
2018	6.2/1k	4.1/1k
2019	4.2/1k	4.2/1k
2020	4.7/1k	4.4/1k
2021	7.4/1k	5.2/1k
2022	3.9/1k	5.0/1k
2023	6.0/1k	4.5/1k
2024	4.0/1k	4.3/1k
2025	5.1/1k	4.2/1k

Calendar years	Clay County, Minnesota	United States
2014	−7.3%	−6.9%
2015	+0.8%	−3.2%
2016	0.0%	0.0%
2017	+0.5%	+4.7%
2018	+10.0%	+7.5%
2019	+8.2%	+14.0%
2020	+23.9%	+16.9%
2021	+13.4%	+21.0%
2022	+32.4%	+29.7%
2023	+20.4%	+34.9%
2024	+35.5%	+41.6%

Calendar years	Clay County, Minnesota	United States
2014	−14.5% (Dec 2014)	−10.8% (Dec 2014)
2015	−7.0% (Dec 2015)	−5.2% (Dec 2015)
2016	0.0% (Dec 2016)	0.0% (Dec 2016)
2017	+1.8% (Dec 2017)	+6.4% (Dec 2017)
2018	+3.0% (Dec 2018)	+12.6% (Dec 2018)
2019	+6.3% (Dec 2019)	+18.1% (Dec 2019)
2020	+9.5% (Dec 2020)	+29.3% (Dec 2020)
2021	+20.1% (Dec 2021)	+49.8% (Dec 2021)
2022	+27.1% (Dec 2022)	+64.7% (Dec 2022)
2023	+29.6% (Dec 2023)	+69.0% (Dec 2023)
2024	+33.4% (Dec 2024)	+73.4% (Dec 2024)
2025	+37.6% (Dec 2025)	+73.7% (Dec 2025)

Calendar years	Clay County, Minnesota	United States
2014	3.5%	6.2%
2015	3.2%	5.3%
2016	3.5%	4.9%
2017	3.3%	4.4%
2018	3.0%	3.9%
2019	3.2%	3.7%
2020	4.5%	8.1%
2021	3.0%	5.4%
2022	2.1%	3.7%
2023	2.2%	3.6%
2024	2.6%	4.0%
2025	3.4%	4.3%

Calendar years	Clay County, Minnesota	United States
2014	13.3%	15.5%
2015	12.1%	14.7%
2016	12.0%	14.0%
2017	12.0%	13.4%
2018	11.8%	13.1%
2019	11.9%	12.3%
2020	8.8%	11.9%
2021	12.9%	12.8%
2022	11.4%	12.6%
2023	13.1%	12.5%
2024	11.2%	12.1%

Calendar years	Clay County, Minnesota	United States
2015	—	−3.3% (Dec 2015)
2016	—	0.0% (Dec 2016)
2017	—	+4.4% (Dec 2017)
2018	—	+8.8% (Dec 2018)
2019	—	+13.1% (Dec 2019)
2020	—	+15.2% (Dec 2020)
2021	—	+32.8% (Dec 2021)
2022	— (Dec 2022)	+42.1% (Dec 2022)
2023	— (Dec 2023)	+46.3% (Dec 2023)
2024	— (Dec 2024)	+50.4% (Dec 2024)
2025	— (Dec 2025)	+53.5% (Dec 2025)

Calendar years	Clay County, Minnesota	United States
2014	5.7%	13.5%
2015	4.3%	10.9%
2016	4.2%	10.0%
2017	4.8%	10.2%
2018	4.5%	10.4%
2019	5.1%	10.8%
2020	6.1%	10.4%
2021	4.7%	10.2%
2022	4.8%	9.5%
2023	4.7%	9.5%
2024	5.3%	9.8%

Calendar years	Clay County, Minnesota	United States
2014	6.2/1k	8.5/1k
2015	5.7/1k	8.7/1k
2016	6.4/1k	9.1/1k
2017	6.1/1k	9.8/1k
2018	6.4/1k	10.7/1k
2019	6.3/1k	10.6/1k
2020	6.7/1k	13.1/1k
2021	7.7/1k	16.2/1k
2022	8.0/1k	15.1/1k
2023	8.7/1k	16.2/1k
2024	8.5/1k	15.4/1k
2025	9.7/1k	16.6/1k

Year	Clay County, Minnesota	Comparison counties (average)	Range of comparison counties
Year −3	+0.4 points	+0.3 points	−0.2 points to +0.9 points
Year −2	+2.0 points	+0.6 points	−0.6 points to +3.1 points
Year −1	0.0 points	0.0 points	0.0 points to 0.0 points
Year 0	−1.6 points	−0.4 points	−3.5 points to +4.1 points
Year +1	−2.2 points	−1.6 points	−2.7 points to −0.6 points

Scores by category

Strengths · Weaknesses

Strengths

Weaknesses

Trends