Scores by category

Each category averages its indicators' percentile scores among US states.

Safety88#7/51
Economy80#11/51
Housing7#47/51
Health96#3/51
Healthcare100#1/51
Environment83#9/49
Education98#2/51
Infrastructure92#5/51
Community80#11/51
Leisure & amenities58#22/51

Strengths · Weaknesses

Indicators where Massachusetts ranks highest and lowest among US states (score = percentile, 100 = best).

Strengths

Firearm deaths · low3.5 /100k
100/100United States 12.1 /100kMay 2025–Apr 2026Centers for Disease Control and PreventionProvisional data
Traffic deaths · low5.4 /100k
100/100United States 12.3 /100k2020-2024National Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationAggregated from countiesProvisional data
Premature death · low5,749 /100k
100/100United States 8,123 /100k2021-2023University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute
Uninsured residents (under 65) · low3.3%
100/100United States 9.8%2024U.S. Census BureauModel-based estimate
Flu vaccinations · high55.0%
100/100United States 44.0%2023University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute
Reading scores · high3.31
100/100United States 3.052019University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute

Weaknesses

Time spent in the emergency room · high216 min
6/100United States 170 minOct 2024–Sep 2025Centers for Medicare & Medicaid ServicesAggregated from counties
Cost of buying a home today · high47.2%
6/100United States 34.1%Aug 2026Zillow Research
Average commute time · high29.1 min
8/100United States 26.4 min2020-2024U.S. Census Bureau Census table B08013
Child care cost burden · high39.7%
8/100United States 27.9%2023 & 2024University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute
New business applications · low11.1 /1k
8/100United States 16.6 /1k2025U.S. Census BureauAggregated from counties
Preventable hospital stays · high3,344 /100k
10/100United States 2,769 /100k2023University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute

Trends

The largest changes over about five years, next to the country's over the same periods.

Drought exposureWorsening
2% (2021) → 44% (Oct 2025–Sep 2026)
+43 pts5 yearsUS 40% → 43%
Cost of buying a home todayWorsening
34.9% (Dec 2021) → 47.2% (Aug 2026)
+12 pts5 yearsUS 26.4% → 34.1%
High ozone daysImproving
4 days (2017) → 2 days (2022)
−50%5 yearsUS 9 days → 7 days
Drug overdose deathsImproving
35.7 /100k (2021) → 18.2 /100k (Mar 2025–Feb 2026)
−49%5 yearsUS 30.8 /100k → 18.4 /100k
Drinking water violationsImproving
1 (2020) → 0 (2023)
−33%3 years
Broadband subscriptionsImproving
86.4% (2015-2019) → 92.8% (2020-2024)
+6.4 pts5 yearsCensus table B28002US 82.7% → 91.0%

What changed in five years

How each measure moved between two periods about five years apart, read against whether more or less is better, the published margin of error and the same change in other places.

Over about five years, Massachusetts improved on 13 of 31 measures with a comparison and declined on 5. 10 moved within the margin of error and 3 barely changed.

Earlier period
Latest period
Lower standingHigher standing

Position is the place's standing among states: further right is better, whichever way the measure counts. Periods differ by measure (most compare 2015-2019 with 2020-2024); each row names its own in its tooltip and in the table.

Improved13

Commute−1.1 min30.2 min → 29.1 min
Unemployment−4.8 points9.3% → 4.5%
Bachelor's++3.6 points43.7% → 47.3%
Overdose deaths−43%31.7 /100k → 18.2 /100k
Students / teacher−0.8×12.7× → 11.9×

Declined5

Transit use−3.9 points10.4% → 6.5%
Rent / income+1.1 points29.8% → 30.9%
Pharmacies−13%2.3 /10k → 2.0 /10k
Price / income+0.7×4.7× → 5.4×
Rent burden+2.3 points49.5% → 51.8%

All 31 measures

Change of every measure of Massachusetts between two periods about five years apart
Measure	Before	After	Change	Reading	Favourable vs peers
Arts, entertainment and recreation	5.3 /10k2020	5.9 /10k2025	+10%	Improved	25%
Average commute time	30.2 min2015-2019	29.1 min2020-2024	−1.1 min	Improved	85%
Average weekly wage	$1,6102020	$1,9252025	+20%	Improved	9%
Bachelor's degree or higher	43.7%2015-2019	47.3%2020-2024	+3.6 points	Improved	60%
Broadband subscriptions	86.4%2015-2019	92.8%2020-2024	+6.4 points	Improved	15%
Child poverty rate	12.0%2019	11.4%2024	−0.6 points	Within the margin of error	27%
Distance to an airport	20 mi2020	20 mi2025	0 mi	Little change	51%
Drug overdose deaths	31.7 /100k2020	18.2 /100kMar 2025–Feb 2026	−43%	Improved	75%
Effective property tax rate	1.15%2015-2019	1.00%2020-2024	−0.1 points	Little change	58%
Firearm deaths	3.8 /100k2020	3.5 /100kMay 2025–Apr 2026	−7.9%	Within the margin of error	54%
Grocery stores	1.4 /10k2020	1.4 /10k2025	+1.8%	Within the margin of error	62%
Gyms and fitness centers	1.8 /10k2020	1.8 /10k2025	+0.1%	Within the margin of error	9%
High school diploma or higher	90.8%2015-2019	91.4%2020-2024	+0.6 points	Improved	1%
Home price to income ratio	4.7×2015-2019	5.4×2020-2024	+0.7×	Declined	28%
Homicide rate	2.6 /100k2020	1.8 /100kMay 2025–Apr 2026	−31%	Improved	42%
Income adjusted for local prices	$67,5502019	$88,5112024	+31%	Improved	34%
Income inequality (Gini index)	0.4832015-2019	0.4892020-2024	+0.006	Little change	9%
Median household income	$85,7002019	$104,5692024	+22%	Improved	36%
New business applications	8.8 /1k2020	11.1 /1k2025	+25%	Improved	30%
Pharmacies	2.3 /10k2020	2.0 /10k2025	−13%	Declined	17%
Poverty rate	9.5%2019	9.8%2024	+0.3 points	Within the margin of error	16%
Public libraries	0.7 /10k2019	0.6 /10k2024	−4.2%	Within the margin of error	36%
Public transit commuters	10.4%2015-2019	6.5%2020-2024	−3.9 points	Declined	7%
Rent as share of income	29.8%2015-2019	30.9%2020-2024	+1.1 points	Declined	17%
Rent-burdened households	49.5%2015-2019	51.8%2020-2024	+2.3 points	Declined	19%
Restaurants and bars	9.3 /10k2020	9.2 /10k2025	−1.2%	Within the margin of error	26%
Students per teacher	12.7×2019	11.9×2024	−0.8×	Improved	54%
Suicide rate	8.8 /100k2020	8.4 /100kMay 2025–Apr 2026	−4.5%	Within the margin of error	83%
Traffic deaths	5.2 /100k2015-2019	5.4 /100k2020-2024	+4.3%	Within the margin of error	58%
Unemployment rate	9.3%2020	4.5%2025	−4.8 points	Improved	91%
Uninsured residents (under 65)	3.5%2019	3.3%2024	−0.2 points	Within the margin of error	34%

“Against peers” compares the change with the same change in the 51 states that have the same two periods. It describes how common a change is, not why it happened.

Sources: Regional Economic Accounts; Local Area Unemployment Statistics; Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages; Mapping Injury, Overdose, and Violence; American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates; Business Formation Statistics; Small Area Health Insurance Estimates; Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates; Public Libraries Survey; Common Core of Data; Fatality Analysis Reporting System; Distance to airports and intercity rail. Values are the latest and the one five years earlier of the same publisher dataset; datasets that changed publisher in between are never compared.

Survey estimates (American Community Survey) compare the two most recent 5-year windows that do not share years, so the margin of error of the difference holds. The 2015-2019 window predates the pandemic and 2020-2024 includes it.
A change counts only when it is larger than 1.645 times the square root of the two standard errors squared, summed (a 90% margin). Measures published without a margin must change by at least 5% to count.
“Against peers” compares the change with the same change in the 51 states that have the same two periods. It describes how common a change is, not why it happened.
Standing is a percentile among the same places: 0 is the lowest value on the measure (or the worst when lower is better), 100 the best.

States like Massachusetts five years ago that improved

The places whose measures looked most like those of Massachusetts in the earlier period, ranked by how many measures improved beyond the margin of error, minus how many declined. A comparison of published data, not a forecast and not advice.

For comparison, Massachusetts itself moved −0.2 points in standing on average over the same 31 measures (standings of all places average about zero).

How the ranking works

Similarity is the root-mean-square difference of standings in the earlier period over the measures most places have. Places are ranked by measures that improved beyond the margin of error minus those that declined (a count that estimation noise in small places cannot inflate), then by the mean change of standing over the measures a place has in both periods. Only places with more improvements than declines and a rise in standing are listed. Standings are relative, so a place can improve in absolute terms and still lose standing.

Who lives here

Age, race and education of residents, from the American Community Survey. Shares are of all residents (age), residents of every origin (race) or adults 25 and over (education).

Age and sex

7,044,056 residents

Men
Women

80 and over
70–79
60–69
50–59
40–49
30–39
20–29
10–19
Under 10

Share of all residents, each sex

Biggest shift since 2015–2019: 70–79 women (+0.6 points).

Table view

American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2020–2024 · Table B01001View table on data.census.gov

Race and Hispanic origin

7,044,056 residents

Massachusetts
United States share

White67%4,691,391
Black6.4%450,251
Hispanic or Latino13%936,853
Asian7.3%510,868
American Indian and Alaska Native0.1%5,405
Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander0.0%1,666
Other or two or more races6.4%447,622

Biggest shift since 2015–2019: White (−5.0 points).

Table view

American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2020–2024 · Table B03002View table on data.census.gov

Education

4,987,302 residents (±801)

Massachusetts
United States share

No high school diploma8.6%430,629
High school or GED23%1,125,893
Some college14%700,964
Associate degree7.5%371,869
Bachelor's degree25%1,271,684
Graduate degree22%1,086,263

Biggest shift since 2015–2019: Graduate degree (+2.2 points).

Table view

American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2020–2024 · Table B15003View table on data.census.gov

Counts are survey estimates, each with a margin of error. The grouping into ranges is ours; every count is the Census Bureau's.

Income

How household income is spread, not just the middle: each bar is the share of households in that income range.

Household income

2,785,042 households (±5,182)

Massachusetts
United States share

Under $25k13%367,634
$25k–50k12%346,827
$50k–75k12%333,802
$75k–100k11%298,075
$100k–150k18%487,902
$150k–200k12%330,817
$200k or more22%619,985

Biggest shift since 2015–2019: $200k or more (+9.1 points).

Table view

American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2020–2024 · Table B19001View table on data.census.gov

Counts are survey estimates, each with a margin of error. The grouping into ranges is ours; every count is the Census Bureau's.

Homes

Who owns and who rents, what homes cost, and what the housing stock looks like.

Owners and renters

2,785,042 households (±5,182)

Massachusetts
United States share

Own63%1,741,158
Rent37%1,043,884

No change since 2015–2019 is larger than the margin of error.

Table view

American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2020–2024 · Table B25003View table on data.census.gov

Rent paid

1,006,980 households (±6,692)

Massachusetts
United States share

Under $75016%157,533
$750–1,0006.2%62,856
$1,000–1,50018%178,428

Home values

1,741,158 homes (±8,598)

Massachusetts
United States share

Under $150k3.9%68,295
$150k–250k5.9%102,687
$250k–400k18%306,962
$400k–750k

Age of homes

3,030,406 homes (±453)

Massachusetts
United States share

2010 or later7.2%219,297
2000–20097.1%216,069
1980–199918%551,417

Size of homes

3,030,406 homes (±453)

Massachusetts
United States share

Studio3.0%90,634
1 bedroom14%413,654
2 bedrooms28%839,879
3 bedrooms

Counts are survey estimates, each with a margin of error. The grouping into ranges is ours; every count is the Census Bureau's.

Getting to work

How workers travel to their job and how long it takes them.

How people get to work

3,629,298 workers (±8,497)

Massachusetts
United States share

Drive alone61%2,220,613
Carpool7.0%252,702
Public transit6.5%236,091
Walk4.1%149,600
Bike0.8%29,223
Work from home19%676,607
Other1.8%64,462

Biggest shift since 2015–2019: Work from home (+13.5 points).

Table view

American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2020–2024 · Table B08301View table on data.census.gov

Time to get to work

2,952,691 workers (±7,728)

Massachusetts
United States share

Under 15 min23%677,209
15–29 min33%964,367
30–44 min23%676,049

Counts are survey estimates, each with a margin of error. The grouping into ranges is ours; every count is the Census Bureau's.

Jobs and pay

What the largest occupations here pay, from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics survey.

The 10 largest occupations in Massachusetts employ 743,480 people. 10 pay a median above the US median.

Above the US median
Below the US median

The largest occupations in Massachusetts by employment, with median annual pay and how it compares with the United States
Occupation	Jobs	Median pay	vs USCompared with the US	Concentration
Home Health and Personal Care Aides117,940 jobs	117,940	$40,910US $35,800	+14%	1.17×
General and Operations Managers95,880 jobs	95,880	$127,220US $105,770	+20%	1.17×
Registered Nurses88,200 jobs	88,200	$104,550US $97,550	+7%	1.12×
Retail Salespersons86,860 jobs	86,860	$36,610US $35,410	+3%	0.95×
Fast Food and Counter Workers85,810 jobs	85,810	$35,850US $31,200	+15%	0.95×
Cashiers58,880 jobs	58,880	$35,520US $32,880	+8%	0.81×
Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners55,490 jobs	55,490	$45,580US $36,840	+24%	1.07×
Waiters and Waitresses54,670 jobs	54,670	$38,460US $35,230	+9%	1.03×
Customer Service Representatives49,990 jobs	49,990	$49,120US $44,770	+10%	0.82×
Stockers and Order Fillers49,760 jobs	49,760	$37,540US $37,330	+1%	0.75×

Look up any occupation

Search more than 800 occupations and see what they pay in Massachusetts.

Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, 2025-05 (all industries and ownerships) bls.gov/oes

Reference period: 2025-05. BLS publishes metro areas, states and the nation (not counties or cities), so a county or city page shows its metro area.
Pay is not adjusted for the cost of living, so a higher median does not mean more purchasing power.
BLS caps the highest wages it publishes: where a figure is shown as “or more”, the real value is at least that much.
Some occupations (teachers, performers) are published by the hour or school year and shown here as an annual figure.

Local businesses

Employer businesses and sole proprietors by industry, per resident and against the state and the nation. Counts of businesses next to counts of people, not a measure of demand.

Massachusetts has 183,767 employer establishments, 260 for every 10,000 residents (1.05× the US rate of 248), with 3,487,228 paid employees at an average annual pay of $86,550. The Census Bureau also counts 654,863 nonemployer businesses, mostly sole proprietors.

Establishments: 183,767; 654,863 nonemployers
Per 10,000 residents: 260; US 248
Paid employees: 3,487,228
Average annual pay: $86,550; US $68,342

Employer establishments, employees, average pay and nonemployers of Massachusetts by industry, with the density per resident against the nation

Restaurants and other eating places	14,609	20.7	1.12×About typical	241,714	$30,120	2,530
Specialty trade contractors	13,943	19.7	1.27×More than typical	112,578	$89,527	43,411
Ambulatory health care services	12,455	17.6	0.84×About typical	204,907	$81,697	33,532
Lessors of real estate	7,520	10.6	0.86×About typical	43,612	$85,638	64,799
Construction of buildings	6,986	9.9	1.31×More than typical	37,915	$94,409	17,790
Services to buildings and dwellings	6,977	9.9	1.46×More than typical	48,901	$51,691	27,900
Full-service restaurants	6,558	9.3	1.21×About typical	133,020	$34,039	981
Building equipment contractors	5,868	8.3	1.38×More than typical	59,728	$93,114	8,973
Limited-service restaurants	5,337	7.5	0.94×About typical	72,008	$26,147	1,035
Personal care services	4,648	6.6	1.38×More than typical	23,276	$33,124	21,126
Landscaping services	4,555	6.4	1.84×More than typical	18,649	$74,736	7,393
Management, scientific and technical consulting	4,284	6.1	0.90×About typical	55,170	$139,443	32,971

Rank places for an industry

County Business Patterns (2023); Nonemployer Statistics (2024)

Per-resident figures divide by the population estimate of 2023: 7,073,479 residents here, 336,755,052 in the United States. County Business Patterns counts establishments in 2023; the Nonemployer Statistics count businesses in 2024.
“More than typical” is a density at least 1.25 times the nation's per resident, “fewer” at most 0.8 times, with at least 10 establishments. It compares counts of businesses with counts of people: it says nothing about demand, incomes, size, quality or profit, and visitors and commuters are not residents.
The Census Bureau adds noise to employment and payroll to protect confidentiality, and withholds some figures: an industry with few establishments can show employees or pay as unavailable.
Industries overlap: a narrower industry (full-service restaurants) is part of a broader one (restaurants), so the rows do not add up.
Industries follow the North American Industry Classification System; the two surveys use different editions (NAICS 2017 and 2022), which this page matches industry by industry.

Federal contract spending

In FY2026, federal agencies obligated $16.4B on contracts performed in Massachusetts: $2,294 per resident (US $1,994).

Obligations: $16.4B; −15% vs FY2025
Per resident: $2,294; US $1,994
Sole-source: 68%; US 30%
Single offer: 4.5%; US 8.8%

A signal is a reason to look closer, not evidence of wrongdoing: most sole-source awards are lawful and justified.

Top buying agencies

Department of the Army$4B25%
Department of the Air Force$3.4B20%
Department of the Navy$3.1B19%
Defense Logistics Agency$1.3B8.2%
Department of Veterans Affairs$918.7M5.6%
Federal Aviation Administration$688.5M4.2%
Missile Defense Agency$446.7M2.7%
Office of Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response$377.7M2.3%

Top recipients

RAYTHEON COMPANY$3.4B21%
GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY$1.3B8.1%
RAYTHEON COMPANY$1.2B7.3%
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY$1.2B7.1%
RAYTHEON COMPANY$969.6M5.9%

Spending by fiscal year

13BFY2017
15.4BFY2018
16BFY2019
21BFY2020
24.2BFY2021
17.9BFY2022
18.3BFY2023
17.8B

Top industries (NAICS)

Aerospace product and parts manufacturing · 3364$3.6B22%
Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing · 3345$3.4B21%
Scientific research and development services · 5417$2.6B16%
Architectural, engineering, and related services · 5413$1.9B11%
Other professional, scientific, and technical services · 5419$541.5M3.3%

Largest awards

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CONTRACTS, ENGINEERING SERVICES. MOD ISSUED TO TRANSFER GFP FROM THIS CONTRACT TO N0002422C5501.$5.7B
RAYTHEON COMPANY· Middlesex County, MA· Research & development· Nov 10, 2016 – Apr 16, 2026· N0002405C5346
AN/SPY-6(V) HARDWARE PRODUCTION$5.1B
RAYTHEON COMPANY· Essex County, MA· Other equipment & supplies· Mar 31, 2022 – Apr 21, 2026· N0002422C5500
KSA FMS ARMY NAVY TRANSPORTABLE RADAR SURVEILLANCE AND CONTROL MODEL 2 (AN/TPY-2) PRODUCTION$2.7B
RAYTHEON COMPANY· Middlesex County, MA· Other equipment & supplies· Jun 26, 2020 – Mar 5, 2026· HQ086220C0002
UNDEFINITIZED CONTRACT ACTION (UCA) FOR LOWER TIER AIR AND MISSILE DEFENSE SYSTEM (LTAMDS)

Source: Federal contract transactions (Federal Procurement Data System) (U.S. Department of the Treasury, USAspending.gov), data current to Oct 3, 2026, loaded Oct 3, 2026.

Explore contracts in Massachusetts

Federal grants & assistance

Grants, loans (counted at their subsidy cost), direct payments and insurance, by fiscal year of the action (USAspending.gov, FABS). Reported apart from contracts and never added to them.

In FY2026, federal agencies obligated $84.9B in grants, loans, direct payments and insurance for Massachusetts: $11,873 per resident (US $12,955).

Assistance · FY2026: $84.9B; +1.2% vs FY2025
Per resident: $11,873; US $12,955
Loan face value: $1.6B; lent or guaranteed
To individuals: 0.1%; counted, never named

Top programs

96.002 · Social Security Retirement Insurance$26.9B32%
93.778 · Grants to States for Medicaid$16.1B19%
93.774 · Medicare Supplementary Medical Insurance$6.4B7.6%
93.773 · Medicare Hospital Insurance$4.1B4.8%
96.001 · Social Security Disability Insurance$3.2B3.8%
93.770 · Medicare Prescription Drug Coverage$3.2B3.8%
64.109 · Veterans Compensation for Service-Connected Disability$2.1B2.4%
96.004 · Social Security Survivors Insurance$2B2.3%

Top recipients (organizations)

THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS$16.9B20%
BOSTON, MA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSITIONAL ASSISTAN$2.6B3.1%
BOSTON, MA
MASSACHUSETTS DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION$2.1B2.4%
BOSTON, MA
MASSACHUSETTS DEPARTMENT OF ELEMENTARY & SECONDARY EDUCATION$1.2B1.4%
MALDEN, MA
THE GENERAL HOSPITAL CORPORATION

Organizations only: awards to individuals and county aggregate records count in the totals but are never listed. Grants to state governments recorded at the agency's own address are counted statewide, not in the capital's county.

Top agencies

Social Security Administration$33.4B39%
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services$30.8B36%
Department of Health and Human Services
National Institutes of Health$3.5B4.1%
Department of Health and Human Services
Food and Nutrition Service$2.7B3.1%
Department of Agriculture
Under Secretary for Benefits/Veterans Benefits Administration

Assistance by fiscal year

82.8BFY2021
70.9BFY2022
76.8BFY2023
84.2BFY2024
83.9BFY2025
84.9BFY2026

County aggregates

59%

Share of obligations reported only as county totals of many small awards (for example Social Security or Medicare payments), with no recipient named.

Source: Federal financial assistance transactions (Financial Assistance Broker Submission) (U.S. Department of the Treasury, USAspending.gov), data current to Oct 3, 2026, loaded Oct 3, 2026 · FY2021–FY2026.

Explore grants in Massachusetts

Public money & outcomes

Federal money per resident by fiscal year next to how the place changed, and, when its money jumped, how it compares with similar counties. A comparison, not cause and effect.

Federal money per resident in Massachusetts, and how its outcomes moved, each next to the United States. Counties whose money jumped are compared on their own pages.

Money per resident

By federal fiscal year (October to September, named by the year it ends), obligations per resident. A year with no record counts as $0.

Massachusetts
United States
partial year

Federal contractsUS dollars per resident

Table view

Money per resident, Massachusetts and the United States, by fiscal year
Fiscal years (FY2024 = October 2023 to September 2024)	Massachusetts	United States
FY2017	$1,897	$1,436
FY2018	$2,230	$1,552
FY2019	$2,321	$1,654
FY2020	$3,012	$1,880
FY2021	$3,463	$1,810
FY2022	$2,550	$1,917
FY2023	$2,585	$2,079
FY2024	$2,496	$2,047
FY2025	$2,702	$2,165
FY2026	$2,294 (partial year)	$1,911

Construction contractsUS dollars per resident

Table view

Money per resident, Massachusetts and the United States, by fiscal year
Fiscal years (FY2024 = October 2023 to September 2024)	Massachusetts	United States
FY2017	$41.96	$93.28
FY2018	$73.59	$105
FY2019	$70.91	$128
FY2020	$63.88	$145
FY2021	$73.11	$117
FY2022

Contracts and grantsUS dollars per resident

Table view

Money per resident, Massachusetts and the United States, by fiscal year
Fiscal years (FY2024 = October 2023 to September 2024)	Massachusetts	United States
FY2021	$8,117	$5,748
FY2022	$6,478	$5,221
FY2023	$6,901	$5,364
FY2024	$6,649	$5,501
FY2025	$6,887	$5,732
FY2026	$6,323

Transportation grantsUS dollars per resident

Table view

Money per resident, Massachusetts and the United States, by fiscal year
Fiscal years (FY2024 = October 2023 to September 2024)	Massachusetts	United States
FY2021	$380	$298
FY2022	$275	$357
FY2023	$257	$301
FY2024	$398	$319
FY2025	$280	$360
FY2026	$367

Housing assistanceUS dollars per resident

Table view

Money per resident, Massachusetts and the United States, by fiscal year
Fiscal years (FY2024 = October 2023 to September 2024)	Massachusetts	United States
FY2021	$511	$239
FY2022	$487	$185
FY2023	$547	$229
FY2024	$579	$229
FY2025	$588	$249
FY2026	$514

HHS grantsUS dollars per resident

Table view

Money per resident, Massachusetts and the United States, by fiscal year
Fiscal years (FY2024 = October 2023 to September 2024)	Massachusetts	United States
FY2021	$2,954	$2,304
FY2022	$2,871	$2,197
FY2023	$3,130	$2,274
FY2024	$2,907	$2,267
FY2025	$3,077	$2,397
FY2026	$3,142

SBA lending volumeUS dollars per resident

Table view

Money per resident, Massachusetts and the United States, by fiscal year
Fiscal years (FY2024 = October 2023 to September 2024)	Massachusetts	United States
FY2021	$1,265	$1,186
FY2022	$443	$465
FY2023	$65.79	$76.52
FY2024	$88.47	$120
FY2025	$110	$148
FY2026	$91.83

Fiscal years (FY2024 = October 2023 to September 2024)

How outcomes moved

Calendar years. Charts share the same years as the money above. Levels are shown as percent change since 2016; rates are shown as the rate itself.

Massachusetts
United States
Years with money loaded

Job growthpercent

Table view

Job growth, Massachusetts and the United States, by year
Calendar years	Massachusetts	United States
2014	2.0%	2.0%
2015	2.0%

When its money jumped

A county-year with at least 10,000 residents whose money per resident is at least twice its earlier average counts as a jump. Each is compared with up to five similar counties in the same region whose money did not jump.

Counties of Massachusetts whose money per resident jumped. Open a county for its comparison with similar counties.

Barnstable County, MATransportation grants · FY2024$529 (3×)
Nantucket County, MAContracts and grants · FY2023$3,086 (4.5×)
Hampshire County, MAFederal contracts · FY2023$2,601 (2.7×)
Suffolk County, MAFederal contracts · FY2023$2,498 (2.4×)
Nantucket County, MATransportation grants · FY2022$583 (4×)

Sources: Regional Economic Accounts, Local Area Unemployment Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, Business Formation Statistics, Building Permits Survey, Cartographic Boundary Files, Gazetteer and metro delineations, Population Estimates Program, Small Area Health Insurance Estimates, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates, Federal financial assistance transactions (Financial Assistance Broker Submission), Federal contract transactions (Federal Procurement Data System), Zillow Home Value Index, Observed Rent Index and affordability. JSON · /api/v1/outcomes/places/25

See all comparisons

Representation in Congress

Members serving today, with their record in the current Congress (party-unity votes cast with their caucus, roll calls missed). Not a grade.

Massachusetts is represented in the 119th Congress by these members.

House

Counties of Massachusetts

All 14 counties, best quality-of-life score first.

Metro areas in Massachusetts

Metropolitan and micropolitan areas based in Massachusetts, largest first.

Largest cities and towns in Massachusetts

By population.

All 248 cities and towns in Massachusetts

Neighboring states

Places that share a border, best score first.

Similar states

Closest indicator profiles across the country (no model: score distances).

Data and sources

Latest published value of each indicator; periods differ by source. Values flagged by their publisher are marked.

Mapping Injury, Overdose, and ViolenceCenters for Disease Control and Prevention · release 2026-10-01
Daily county PM2.5 and ozone (EPA downscaler model)Centers for Disease Control and Prevention · U.S. Environmental Protection Agency · release 2022
Care Compare: Hospital General Information and Timely and Effective CareCenters for Medicare & Medicaid Services · release 2026-07-22
Distance to airports and intercity railFederal Aviation Administration · Bureau of Transportation Statistics · U.S. Census Bureau · release 2025+amtrak-2026-04-23
Uniform Crime Reporting Program, Return A master filesFederal Bureau of Investigation · release 2025
Health Professional Shortage AreasHealth Resources and Services Administration · release 2026-10-03
Public Libraries SurveyInstitute of Museum and Library Services · release FY2024
Common Core of DataNational Center for Education Statistics · release 2024
U.S. Drought Monitor county statisticsNational Drought Mitigation Center (University of Nebraska–Lincoln), USDA and NOAA · release 2026-09-29
Fatality Analysis Reporting SystemNational Highway Traffic Safety Administration · release 2024
nClimGrid-Daily county averagesNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information · release 2025
Regional Economic AccountsU.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis · release 2024
Local Area Unemployment StatisticsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics · release 2025
Quarterly Census of Employment and WagesU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics · release 2026 Q1
American Community Survey 5-Year EstimatesU.S. Census Bureau · release 2017-2024
Building Permits SurveyU.S. Census Bureau · release 2026-08
Business Formation StatisticsU.S. Census Bureau · release 2026-10-01
Population Estimates ProgramU.S. Census Bureau · release 2025
Small Area Health Insurance EstimatesU.S. Census Bureau · release 2024
Small Area Income and Poverty EstimatesU.S. Census Bureau · release 2024
Alternative Fuels Data Center station locatorU.S. Department of Energy · release 2026-10
Election Administration and Voting SurveyU.S. Election Assistance Commission · release 2024
County Health Rankings & RoadmapsUniversity of Wisconsin Population Health Institute · release 2022-2025+2026-03-supplement
Zillow Home Value Index, Observed Rent Index and affordabilityZillow Research · release 2026-08

JSON · /api/v1/places/25

Calendar years	Massachusetts	United States
2014	−4.9%	−4.2%
2015	−1.1%	−1.3%
2016	0.0%	0.0%
2017	+3.7%	+3.3%
2018	+7.6%	+6.8%
2019	+11.8%	+10.5%
2020	+24.1%	+19.4%
2021	+30.1%	+26.1%
2022	+33.2%	+30.6%
2023	+35.7%	+35.0%
2024	+42.5%	+41.0%
2025	+48.4%	+46.8%

Calendar years	Massachusetts	United States
2014	−8.4%	−5.5%
2015	−3.1%	−1.9%
2016	0.0%	0.0%
2017	+4.1%	+4.1%
2018	+9.0%	+8.9%
2019	+14.0%	+13.5%
2020	+22.1%	+20.8%
2021	+32.5%	+32.1%
2022	+34.6%	+35.4%
2023	+41.7%	+42.9%
2024	+47.5%	+49.5%

Calendar years	Massachusetts	United States
2014	2.1/1k	3.3/1k
2015	2.6/1k	3.7/1k
2016	2.4/1k	3.7/1k
2017	2.6/1k	3.9/1k
2018	2.5/1k	4.1/1k
2019	2.5/1k	4.2/1k
2020	2.4/1k	4.4/1k
2021	2.8/1k	5.2/1k
2022	2.4/1k	5.0/1k
2023	1.9/1k	4.5/1k
2024	2.0/1k	4.3/1k
2025	1.7/1k	4.2/1k

Calendar years	Massachusetts	United States
2014	−8.0%	−6.9%
2015	−6.0%	−3.2%
2016	0.0%	0.0%
2017	+2.9%	+4.7%
2018	+6.1%	+7.5%
2019	+14.0%	+14.0%
2020	+16.1%	+16.9%
2021	+19.1%	+21.0%
2022	+25.7%	+29.7%
2023	+32.6%	+34.9%
2024	+39.0%	+41.6%

Calendar years	Massachusetts	United States
2014	−11.5% (Dec 2014)	−10.8% (Dec 2014)
2015	−5.8% (Dec 2015)	−5.2% (Dec 2015)
2016	0.0% (Dec 2016)	0.0% (Dec 2016)
2017	+6.6% (Dec 2017)	+6.4% (Dec 2017)
2018	+12.1% (Dec 2018)	+12.6% (Dec 2018)
2019	+14.7% (Dec 2019)	+18.1% (Dec 2019)
2020	+25.9% (Dec 2020)	+29.3% (Dec 2020)
2021	+39.6% (Dec 2021)	+49.8% (Dec 2021)
2022	+50.8% (Dec 2022)	+64.7% (Dec 2022)
2023	+61.8% (Dec 2023)	+69.0% (Dec 2023)
2024	+70.1% (Dec 2024)	+73.4% (Dec 2024)
2025	+72.7% (Dec 2025)	+73.7% (Dec 2025)

Calendar years	Massachusetts	United States
2014	5.7%	6.2%
2015	4.8%	5.3%
2016	4.0%	4.9%
2017	3.8%	4.4%
2018	3.5%	3.9%
2019	3.0%	3.7%
2020	9.3%	8.1%
2021	5.3%	5.4%
2022	3.7%	3.7%
2023	3.5%	3.6%
2024	4.0%	4.0%
2025	4.5%	4.3%

Calendar years	Massachusetts	United States
2014	11.7%	15.5%
2015	11.5%	14.7%
2016	10.5%	14.0%
2017	10.5%	13.4%
2018	10.0%	13.1%
2019	9.5%	12.3%
2020	9.4%	11.9%
2021	10.4%	12.8%
2022	10.4%	12.6%
2023	10.5%	12.5%
2024	9.8%	12.1%

Calendar years	Massachusetts	United States
2014	3.8%	13.5%
2015	3.2%	10.9%
2016	3.0%	10.0%
2017	3.3%	10.2%
2018	3.3%	10.4%
2019	3.5%	10.8%
2020	3.2%	10.4%
2021	2.9%	10.2%
2022	2.9%	9.5%
2023	3.0%	9.5%
2024	3.3%	9.8%

Calendar years	Massachusetts	United States
2014	7.3/1k	8.5/1k
2015	7.3/1k	8.7/1k
2016	7.5/1k	9.1/1k
2017	8.0/1k	9.8/1k
2018	8.6/1k	10.7/1k
2019	8.3/1k	10.6/1k
2020	8.8/1k	13.1/1k
2021	10.8/1k	16.2/1k
2022	10.1/1k	15.1/1k
2023	10.8/1k	16.2/1k
2024	10.6/1k	15.4/1k
2025	11.1/1k	16.6/1k

Scores by category

Strengths · Weaknesses

Strengths

Weaknesses

Trends

What changed in five years

Improved13

Declined5

States like Massachusetts five years ago that improved

Who lives here

Age and sex

Race and Hispanic origin

Education

Income

Household income

Homes

Owners and renters

Rent paid

Home values

Age of homes

Size of homes

Getting to work

How people get to work

Time to get to work

Jobs and pay

Look up any occupation

Local businesses

Federal contract spending

Top buying agencies

Top recipients

Spending by fiscal year

Top industries (NAICS)

Largest awards

Federal grants & assistance

Top programs

Top recipients (organizations)

Top agencies

Assistance by fiscal year

County aggregates

Public money & outcomes

Money per resident

How outcomes moved

When its money jumped

Representation in Congress

House

Counties of Massachusetts

Metro areas in Massachusetts

Largest cities and towns in Massachusetts

Neighboring states

Similar states

Data and sources

Improved13

Declined5

Age and sex

Race and Hispanic origin

Education

Household income

Owners and renters

Rent paid

Home values

Age of homes

Size of homes

How people get to work

Time to get to work

House

Senate

Look up any occupation

Money per resident

How outcomes moved

When its money jumped

Top programs

Top recipients (organizations)

Top agencies

Assistance by fiscal year

County aggregates

By type

Top buying agencies

Top recipients

Spending by fiscal year

Top industries (NAICS)